scholarly journals Targeted Inactivation of Bax Reveals a Subtype-Specific Mechanism of Cajal-Retzius Neuron Death in the Postnatal Cerebral Cortex

Cell Reports ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 3133-3141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Ledonne ◽  
David Orduz ◽  
Judith Mercier ◽  
Lisa Vigier ◽  
Elisabeth A. Grove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Neuron Death ◽  
Retzius Neuron ◽  
Targeted Inactivation

scholarly journals Mouse (Mus musculus) embryonic cerebral cortex cell death caused by carbofuran insecticide exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Epy Muhammad Luqman ◽  
I Ketut Sudiana ◽  
Win Darmanto ◽  
Agung Budianto Achmad ◽  
Widjiati
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intrinsic Pathway ◽  
Neuron Death ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Cortex Cell ◽  
Cerebral Cortical Neuron ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract Introduction The aim of the study was to describe the process of neuron death in the cerebral cortex caused by embryonic carbofuran exposure. Material and Methods 81 mouse foetuses from 27 breeding mice were used in the study. Carbofuran was administered by gavage from the 6th to the 15th day of gestation to two groups: one at 0.0208 and the other at 0.0417 mg/kg b.w. On the 17th day, the mice were sacrificed and the foetuses were taken to measure the ROS (malondialdehyde/MDA and superoxide dismutase/SOD) activity in brain tissue, the number of apoptotic embryonic cerebral cortex neurons using a TUNEL assay, and necrotic cells using HE staining. Examination of p53 and caspase 3 expression was done by immunohistochemistry. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s test. Results Increased activity of cerebral ROS characterised by significant elevation of the MDA level (P < 0.05), decreased SOD (P < 0.01), increased p53 and caspase 3 expression, and cerebral cortical neuron death either by necrosis or apoptosis (P < 0.05) were found. At the low dose carbofuran increased expression of p53, caspase 3, and apoptosis. At the high dose it increased levels of MDA and necrosis. Conclusion Increased expression of p53 and caspase 3 and apoptosis indicated that carbofuran may cause apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. The increased apoptosis grants an opportunity to prevent and treat the effect of ROS due to gestational carbofuran exposure.

scholarly journals Two new Zn(II)/Cu(II) compounds: photoluminescent and photocatalytic properties, and protective activity on Parkinson disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Fang-Jie Huang ◽  
Mang-Suo Zhao ◽  
Bing-Xin Shi ◽  
Yan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neuron ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Methyl Violet ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Neuron Death ◽  
Apoptosis Assay

Abstract Two coordination polymers, that is [Zn(pdc)(im)(H2O)]n (1) and [Cu(pdc)(im)2]n·n(H2pdc) (2) (H2pdc = terephthalic acid, im = imidazole), were hydrothermally synthesized via the reactions of H2pdc and im in combination with Zn(II) or Cu(II) ions. Compound 1 shows intense blue luminescence and compound 2 shows good photocatalytic activity for the methyl violet degradation under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. In addition, the assessment of the two compounds’ application values against Parkinson's disease (PD) were carried out and their specific mechanism was tested simultaneously. First of all, the real time RT-PCR was implemented and the relative expression levels of NMDA receptor on neurons were measured. Besides, the Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis assay was utilized for the assessment of the influence of the compounds on the dopaminergic neuron death rate.

Author response for "Microchiropterans have a diminutive cerebral cortex, not an enlarged cerebellum, compared to megachiropterans and other mammals"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Herculano‐Houzel ◽  
Felipe Barros Cunha ◽  
Jamie L. Reed ◽  
Consolate Kaswera‐Kyamakya ◽  
Emmanuel Gillissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Author Response

Oligodendrocytes in Developing Hameter Cerebral Cortex

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
MB. Tank Buschmann
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Layer V ◽  
Adult Hamster

Development of oligodendrocytes in rat corpus callosum was described as a sequential change in cytoplasmic density which progressed from light to medium to dark (1). In rat optic nerve, changes in cytoplasmic density were not observed, but significant changes in morphology occurred just prior to and during myelination (2). In our study, the ultrastructural development of oligodendrocytes was studied in newborn, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-day and adult frontal cortex of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).Young and adult hamster brains were perfused with paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer at pH 7.3 according to the method of Peters (3). Tissue samples of layer V of the frontal cortex were post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in acetone and embedded in Epon-Araldite resin.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

Visual Spatial Attention in Migraine Sufferers in Postictal and Interictal Phases: An Event-Related Potential Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. de Koning ◽  
J.C. Woestenburg ◽  
M. Elton
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial

Migraineurs with and without aura (MWAs and MWOAs) as well as controls were measured twice with an interval of 7 days. The first session of recordings and tests for migraineurs was held about 7 hours after a migraine attack. We hypothesized that electrophysiological changes in the posterior cerebral cortex related to visual spatial attention are influenced by the level of arousal in migraineurs with aura, and that this varies over the course of time. ERPs related to the active visual attention task manifested significant differences between controls and both types of migraine sufferers for the N200, suggesting a common pathophysiological mechanism for migraineurs. Furthermore, migraineurs without aura (MWOAs) showed a significant enhancement for the N200 at the second session, indicating the relevance of time of measurement within migraine studies. Finally, migraineurs with aura (MWAs) showed significantly enhanced P240 and P300 components at central and parietal cortical sites compared to MWOAs and controls, which seemed to be maintained over both sessions and could be indicative of increased noradrenergic activity in MWAs.

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