scholarly journals An NMDA Receptor-Dependent Mechanism Underlies Inhibitory Synapse Development

Cell Reports ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinglong Gu ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Wei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Inhibitory Synapse ◽  
Synapse Development ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

scholarly journals Lrfn2-mutant mice display suppressed synaptic plasticity and inhibitory synapse development and abnormal social communication and startle response

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Ryunhee Kim ◽  
Yi Sul Cho ◽  
Doyoun Kim ◽  
Kyungdeok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalization ◽  
Inhibitory Synapse ◽  
Excitatory Synapse ◽  
Synapse Development

AbstractSALM1, also known as LRFN2, is a PSD-95-interacting synaptic adhesion molecule implicated in the regulation of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) clustering largely based on in vitro data, although its in vivo functions remain unclear. Here, we found that mice lacking SALM1/LRFN2 (Lrfn2-/- mice) show a normal density of excitatory synapses but altered excitatory synaptic function, including enhanced NMDAR-dependent synaptic transmission but suppressed NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region. Unexpectedly, SALM1 expression is detected in both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, and Lrfn2-/- CA1 pyramidal neurons show decreases in the density of inhibitory synapses and frequency of spontaneous inhibitory synaptic transmission. Behaviorally, ultrasonic vocalization was suppressed in Lrfn2-/- pups separated from their mothers, and acoustic startle was enhanced, but locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and learning and memory were largely normal in adult Lrfn2-/- mice. These results suggest that SALM1/LRFN2 regulates excitatory synapse function, inhibitory synapse development, and social communication and startle behaviors in mice.Significance StatementSynaptic adhesion molecules regulate synapse development and function, which govern neural circuit and brain functions. The SALM/LRFN family of synaptic adhesion proteins consists of five known members whose in vivo functions are largely unknown. Here we characterized mice lacking SALM1/LRFN2 (SALM1 knockout) known to associate with NMDA receptors and found that these mice showed altered NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic transmission and plasticity, as expected, but unexpectedly also exhibited suppressed inhibitory synapse development and synaptic transmission. Behaviorally, SALM1 knockout pups showed suppressed ultrasonic vocalization upon separation from their mothers, and SALM1 knockout adults showed enhanced responses to loud acoustic stimuli. These results suggest that SALM1/LRFN2 regulates excitatory synapse function, inhibitory synapse development, social communication, and acoustic startle behavior.

scholarly journals Interaction between autism-linked MDGAs and neuroligins suppresses inhibitory synapse development

2013 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Pettem ◽  
Daisaku Yokomaku ◽  
Hideto Takahashi ◽  
Yuan Ge ◽  
Ann Marie Craig
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Inhibitory Synapse ◽  
Excitatory Synapse ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Excitatory Synapses ◽  
Synapse Development ◽  
Multiple Protein ◽  
Synapse Density

Rare variants in MDGAs (MAM domain–containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors), including multiple protein-truncating deletions, are linked to autism and schizophrenia, but the function of these genes is poorly understood. Here, we show that MDGA1 and MDGA2 bound to neuroligin-2 inhibitory synapse–organizing protein, also implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. MDGA1 inhibited the synapse-promoting activity of neuroligin-2, without altering neuroligin-2 surface trafficking, by inhibiting interaction of neuroligin-2 with neurexin. MDGA binding and suppression of synaptogenic activity was selective for neuroligin-2 and not neuroligin-1 excitatory synapse organizer. Overexpression of MDGA1 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons reduced inhibitory synapse density without altering excitatory synapse density. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated knockdown of MDGA1 selectively increased inhibitory but not excitatory synapse density. These results identify MDGA1 as one of few identified negative regulators of synapse development with a unique selectivity for inhibitory synapses. These results also place MDGAs in the neurexin–neuroligin synaptic pathway implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders and support the idea that an imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory synapses may contribute to these disorders.

scholarly journals Selective control of inhibitory synapse development by Slitrk3-PTPδ trans-synaptic interaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideto Takahashi ◽  
Kei-ichi Katayama ◽  
Kazuhiro Sohya ◽  
Hiroyuki Miyamoto ◽  
Tuhina Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Synapse ◽  
Synapse Development ◽  
Synaptic Interaction ◽  
Selective Control
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