scholarly journals Teneurin-3 Specifies Morphological and Functional Connectivity of Retinal Ganglion Cells in the Vertebrate Visual System

Cell Reports ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paride Antinucci ◽  
Nikolas Nikolaou ◽  
Martin P. Meyer ◽  
Robert Hindges
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion

scholarly journals Speed-Selectivity in Retinal Ganglion Cells is Modulated by the Complexity of the Visual Stimulus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
César R Ravello ◽  
Laurent U Perrinet ◽  
María-José Escobar ◽  
Adrián G Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Motion Detection ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Natural Images ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
Different Populations

ABSTRACTMotion detection represents one of the critical tasks of the visual system and has motivated a large body of research. However, is remain unclear precisely why the response of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to simple artificial stimuli does not predict their response to complex naturalistic stimuli. To explore this topic, we use Motion Clouds (MC), which are synthetic textures that preserve properties of natural images and are merely parameterized, in particular by modulating the spatiotemporal spectrum complexity of the stimulus by adjusting the frequency bandwidths. By stimulating the retina of the diurnal rodent,Octodon deguswith MC we show that the RGCs respond to increasingly complex stimuli by narrowing their adjustment curves in response to movement. At the level of the population, complex stimuli produce a sparser code while preserving movement information; therefore, the stimuli are encoded more efficiently. Interestingly, these properties were observed throughout different populations of RGCs. Thus, our results reveal that the response at the level of RGCs is modulated by the naturalness of the stimulus - in particular for motion - which suggests that the tuning to the statistics of natural images already emerges at the level of the retina.

scholarly journals Mouse dLGN receives input from a diverse population of retinal ganglion cells with limited convergence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Román Rosón ◽  
Yannik Bauer ◽  
Philipp Berens ◽  
Thomas Euler ◽  
Laura Busse
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Relay Station ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
High Degree

SUMMARYIn the mouse, the parallel output of more than 30 functional types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) serves as the basis for all further visual processing. Little is known about how the representation of visual information changes between the retina and the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus, the main relay station between the retina and cortex. Here, we functionally characterized responses of retrogradely labeled dLGN-projecting RGCs and dLGN neurons to the same set of visual stimuli. We found that many of the previously identified functional RGC types innervate the dLGN, which maintained a high degree of functional diversity. Using a linear model to assess functional connectivity between RGC types and dLGN neurons, we found that the responses of dLGN neurons could be predicted as a linear combination of inputs from on average five RGC types, but only two of those had the strongest functional impact. Thus, mouse dLGN receives input from a diverse population of RGCs with limited functional convergence.

scholarly journals Developing Retina and PNS Segments for Transplantation Into the Adult Host Eye: Reconstruction of the Mammalian Visual System. 1. Methodology

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Michael F. Zanakis ◽  
Howard F. Lowe ◽  
Glenn Jacobsen ◽  
Michael LaCorte ◽  
Simone P. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Partial Reconstruction ◽  
Tracing Techniques ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Design Experiments ◽  
Host Brain

Various techniques have been explored to determine the uses and limitations of techniques that enable the adult CNS to regenerate, but relatively little attention has been given to the consideration of a "reconstructed" visual system. Using this approach, one can design experiments to study the uses of exogenous tissues in reestablishing neuronal circuits that have been damaged. Toward this end, experiments were designed to determine whether embryonic retinal ganglion cells can project axons into a grafted PNS "bridge", and enter adult host targets that were partially deafferented. Embryonic eyes of E11, E14, E18 and E21 rats were sutured to peripheral nerve segments which served as bridges between the host eye and frontal cortex. Projections between the developing retina and the host brain could then be evaluated using HRP tracing techniques. From a methodological standpoint, the preparations are 65% effective; i.e., a viable bridge results between the embryonic eye and the host forebrain. The results presented in the accompanying paper demonstrate that the technique can yield results indicative of embryonic retinal development and axonal projection through the graft and into the host brain. This partial reconstruction of the visual system may prove a useful tool in understanding the uses and limitations of grafting in the CNS.

Morphogenesis and physiogenesis of the retino-tectal connection in the chicken. I. The retinal ganglion cells and their axons

1976 ◽  
Vol 192 (1108) ◽  
pp. 331-352 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Myelinated Fibres ◽  
Late Maturation

At the same developmental stage at which a photoreceptor potential can first be recorded in the chicken’s retina a visually evoked response can be elicited in its optic tectum. Retina and optic tectum, therefore, seem to start functioning simultaneously. This paper discusses experimental investigations into how the various components of the chicken visual system develop. The investigation was carried out in three steps. With morphological techniques the growth and differentiation processes of retinal ganglion cells compared to that of receptor cells were observed and a quantitative study of the development of optic nerve fibres was made. With physiological techniques the functional properties of retinal ganglion cells and their axons were tested at successive stages of development. A correlation between the morphogenesis and the physiogenesis of this system was then carried out. A model to explain the growth in fibre diameter with time was constructed. The relation between conduction velocity and fibre diameter was studied and was found to be different from that in the adult. For myelinated fibres a theoretical explanation for the relationship in the developing chicken could be found, and it could also be shown that as time progresses such a relationship passes over to that found in the adult. The final link in the construction of the chain of elements forming the visual system was found to be the late maturation of the receptor outer segments in the retina.

The arrow model: retinotectal specificity and map formation in the goldfish visual system

1976 ◽  
Vol 194 (1117) ◽  
pp. 447-466 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Vertebrate Eye

Retinal ganglion cells in the vertebrate eye connect with tectal cells in a continuously ordered fashion. Experiments performed on goldfish and amphibians, in particular experiments involving the rotation of tectal grafts, have been interpreted by some authors as indicating that the tectum is ‘specified’. We present in this paper the computer simulation of a model – the simple-arrow model – which does not require the tectum to be specified but does account for most of the previously published data. We also present preliminary results of an experiment performed on adult goldfish, involving the reciprocal translocation of two tectal grafts, which indicate that the simple-arrow model is unable to account for regeneration of retinotectal connections in this animal.

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