scholarly journals Specificity and Function of Archaeal DNA Replication Initiator Proteins

Cell Reports ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Y. Samson ◽  
Yanqun Xu ◽  
Catarina Gadelha ◽  
Todd A. Stone ◽  
Jamal N. Faqiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
And Function ◽  
Replication Initiator ◽  
Archaeal Dna Replication

scholarly journals Archaeal DNA Replication

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Greci ◽  
Stephen D. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Dna Unwinding ◽  
Macromolecular Assemblies ◽  
Replicative Polymerases ◽  
Dna Replication Origins ◽  
And Function ◽  
Archaeal Dna Replication

It is now well recognized that the information processing machineries of archaea are far more closely related to those of eukaryotes than to those of their prokaryotic cousins, the bacteria. Extensive studies have been performed on the structure and function of the archaeal DNA replication origins, the proteins that define them, and the macromolecular assemblies that drive DNA unwinding and nascent strand synthesis. The results from various archaeal organisms across the archaeal domain of life show surprising levels of diversity at many levels—ranging from cell cycle organization to chromosome ploidy to replication mode and nature of the replicative polymerases. In the following, we describe recent advances in the field, highlighting conserved features and lineage-specific innovations.

Cdc6p establishes and maintains a state of replication competence during G1 phase

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Detweiler ◽  
J.J. Li
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Restrictive Temperature ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Initiation Of Dna Replication ◽  
And Function

CDC6 is essential for the initiation of DNA replication in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we examine the timing of Cdc6p expression and function during the cell cycle. Cdc6p is expressed primarily between mitosis and Start. This pattern of expression is due in part to posttranscriptional controls, since it is maintained when CDC6 is driven by a constitutively induced promoter. Transcriptional repression of CDC6 or exposure of cdc6-1(ts) cells to the restrictive temperature at mitosis blocks subsequent S phase, demonstrating that the activity of newly synthesized Cdc6p is required each cell cycle for DNA replication. In contrast, similar perturbations imposed on cells arrested in G(1) before Start have moderate or no effects on DNA replication. This suggests that, between mitosis and Start, Cdc6p functions in an early step of initiation, effectively making cells competent for replication. Prolonged exposure of cdc6-1(ts) cells to the restrictive temperature at the pre-Start arrest eventually does cripple S phase, indicating that Cdc6p also functions to maintain this initiation competence during G(1). The requirement for Cdc6p to establish and maintain initiation competence tightly correlates with the requirement for Cdc6p to establish and maintain the pre-replicative complex at a replication origin, strongly suggesting that the pre-replicative complex is an important intermediate for the initiation of DNA replication. Confining assembly of the complex to G(1) by restricting expression of Cdc6p to this period may be one way of ensuring precisely one round of replication per cell cycle.

scholarly journals H3K9 Promotes Under-Replication of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Drosophila Salivary Gland Polytene Chromosomes

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Armstrong ◽  
Taylor Penke ◽  
Samuel Chao ◽  
Gabrielle Gentile ◽  
Brian Strahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gene Replacement ◽  
Pericentric Heterochromatin ◽  
Replication Initiation ◽  
H3k9 Methylation ◽  
Diploid Cells ◽  
And Function

Chromatin structure and its organization contributes to the proper regulation and timing of DNA replication. Yet, the precise mechanism by which chromatin contributes to DNA replication remains incompletely understood. This is particularly true for cell types that rely on polyploidization as a developmental strategy for growth and high biosynthetic capacity. During Drosophila larval development, cells of the salivary gland undergo endoreplication, repetitive rounds of DNA synthesis without intervening cell division, resulting in ploidy values of ~1350C. S phase of these endocycles displays a reproducible pattern of early and late replicating regions of the genome resulting from the activity of the same replication initiation factors that are used in diploid cells. However, unlike diploid cells, the latest replicating regions of polyploid salivary gland genomes, composed primarily of pericentric heterochromatic enriched in H3K9 methylation, are not replicated each endocycle, resulting in under-replicated domains with reduced ploidy. Here, we employ a histone gene replacement strategy in Drosophila to demonstrate that mutation of a histone residue important for heterochromatin organization and function (H3K9) but not mutation of a histone residue important for euchromatin function (H4K16), disrupts proper endoreplication in Drosophila salivary gland polyploid genomes thereby leading to DNA copy gain in pericentric heterochromatin. These findings reveal that H3K9 is necessary for normal levels of under-replication of pericentric heterochromatin and suggest that under-replication at pericentric heterochromatin is mediated through H3K9 methylation.

scholarly journals Threonine-11, Phosphorylated by Rad3 and ATM In Vitro, Is Required for Activation of Fission Yeast Checkpoint Kinase Cds1

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3398-3404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori Tanaka ◽  
Michael N. Boddy ◽  
Xiao-Bo Chen ◽  
Clare H. McGowan ◽  
Paul Russell
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Ataxia Telangiectasia ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Checkpoint Kinase ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Fission yeast Cds1 is phosphorylated and activated when DNA replication is interrupted by nucleotide starvation or DNA damage. Cds1 enforces the S-M checkpoint that couples mitosis (M) to the completion of DNA synthesis (S). Cds1 also controls replicational stress tolerance mechanisms. Cds1 is regulated by a group of proteins that includes Rad3, a kinase related to human checkpoint kinase ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated). ATM phosphorylates serine or threonine followed by glutamine (SQ or TQ). Here we show that in vitro, Rad3 and ATM phosphorylate the N-terminal domain of Cds1 at the motif T11Q12. Substitution of threonine-11 with alanine (T11A) abolished Cds1 activation that occurs when DNA replication is inhibited by hydroxyurea (HU) treatment. Thecds1-T11A mutant was profoundly sensitive to HU, although not quite as sensitive as a cds1− null mutant. Cds1T11A was unable to enforce the S-M checkpoint. These results strongly suggest that Rad3-dependent phosphorylation of Cds1 at threonine-11 is required for Cds1 activation and function.

Archaeal DNA replication: spotlight on a rapidly moving field

Extremophiles ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Böhlke ◽  
Francesca Pisani ◽  
Mosè Rossi ◽  
Garabed Antranikian
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Archaeal Dna Replication

scholarly journals Snapshots of archaeal DNA replication and repair in living cells using super-resolution imaging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriane Delpech ◽  
Yoann Collien ◽  
Pierre Mahou ◽  
Emmanuel Beaurepaire ◽  
Hannu Myllykallio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Dna Replication And Repair ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Archaeal Dna Replication
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