scholarly journals Minority participation in a school-based randomized clinical trial of tooth decay prevention in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchitra Nelson ◽  
Peter Milgrom
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Minority Participation ◽  
School Based

scholarly journals Using Stories to Communicate Individual Risk for Opioid Prescriptions: Study Protocol for the Life STORRIED Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary F Meisel ◽  
Esha Bansal ◽  
Marilyn M Schapira ◽  
Jeanmarie Perrone ◽  
Carolyn C Cannuscio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Information Sheet ◽  
Health Crisis

Abstract Background: Prescription opioid abuse in the United States is a devastating public health crisis, of which many chronic opioid users were originally prescribed the medication for acute pain. Narrative enhanced risk communication may improve patient outcomes such as knowledge of opioid risk and opioid use behaviors in the setting of acute pain. Methods & Design: Patients presenting to the acute care facilities of four geographically and ethnically diverse United States hospital centers with renal colic or musculoskeletal back pain will be eligible for this multicenter randomized clinical trial. A control group of patients receiving a standardized, general risk information sheet will be compared to two intervention groups, one receiving the risk information sheet plus a probabilistic opioid risk tool and another receiving the risk information sheet plus a narrative enhanced probabilistic opioid risk tool. We will study the effect of probabilistic and narrative enhanced opioid risk communication on: 1) knowledge as measured by risk awareness and treatment preferences for fewer opioids; 2) reduced use of opioids as measured by quantity of opioids taken, functional improvement, and repeat use of unscheduled visits for pain; 3) patient-provider alignment as measured by concordance between patient preference and finalized prescription plan and the presence of shared decision making. To assess these outcomes, we will administer baseline patient surveys during acute care admission and follow-up surveys at predetermined times during the ninety days after discharge. Discussion: This study seeks to assess the potential clinical role of narrative enhanced, risk-informed communication for acute pain management in acute care settings. This paper outlines the protocol used to implement the study and highlights crucial methodological, statistical, stakeholder involvement, and dissemination considerations.

Peer Support and the HIV Continuum of Care: Results from a Multi-Site Randomized Clinical Trial in Three Urban Clinics in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 2627-2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Cabral ◽  
Kendra Davis-Plourde ◽  
Mariana Sarango ◽  
Jane Fox ◽  
Joseph Palmisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Hiv Continuum Of Care

Economic analysis of a randomized clinical trial to compare filgrastim-mobilized peripheral-blood progenitor-cell transplantation and autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Smith ◽  
B E Hillner ◽  
N Schmitz ◽  
D C Linch ◽  
P Dreger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
The United States ◽  
Short Term

PURPOSE High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with peripheral-blood progenitor cell (PBPC) and autologous bone marrow (ABM) transplant (T) has documented survival benefits for relapsed Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Treatment costs associated with HDC and its supportive care have restricted its use both on and off clinical trial. In a prospective randomized clinical trial, filgrastim-mobilized PBPCT resulted in faster recovery of bone marrow function, with less hospitalization and supportive care than ABMT. This study was undertaken to analyze the costs of the two strategies using prospectively collected data from a randomized clinical trial that compared filgrastim-mobilized PBPCT versus ABMT. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical results and resource utilization from a randomized clinical trial that compared filgrastim-mobilized PBPCT versus ABMT following carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) HDC for HD and NHL are presented. The trial was performed in six centers in Germany, the United Kingdom, and Belgium. Resource utilization data were used to project costs and Massay Cancer Center (MCC) in the United States incurred the cost of treating the cohort. Costs were projected to the United States, because the economic implications to United States centers are significant, costs of care vary markedly among countries but resource utilization on this trial did not, and a randomized trial is unlikely to be performed in the United States. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients with relapsed HD or NHL underwent HDC with BEAM. The PBPCT and ABMT groups had similar short-term survival after BEAM. PBPCT patients had a shorter hospitalization (median, 17 v 23 days; P = .002), neutrophil recovery (11 v 14 days; P = .005), platelet recovery to > or = 20 x 10(9)/L (16 v 23 days; P = .02), and days of platelet transfusions (6 v 10; P < .001). Estimated costs were $8,531 for ABM harvest and $5,760 for PBPC collection, including filgrastim mobilization. The total estimated average cost was $59,314 for each ABMT patient versus $45,792 for each PBPCT patient. Cost savings of $13,521 (23%) were due to shorter hospitalizations with less supportive care. CONCLUSION PBPCT is as safe and more effective than ABMT for HD and NHL in the short term. PBPCT represents a significant cost savings due to lower autograft collection costs, shorter hospital stays, and less supportive care. The savings exceed the costs for filgrastim mobilization and PBPC collection. Actual savings will vary depending on local practice patterns, charges, and costs.

One-session treatment of specific phobias in youth: A randomized clinical trial in the United States and Sweden.

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Ollendick ◽  
Lars-Göran Öst ◽  
Lena Reuterskiöld ◽  
Natalie Costa ◽  
Rio Cederlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Phobias

scholarly journals Household COVID-19 risk and in-person schooling

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. eabh2939
Author(s):  
Justin Lessler ◽  
M. Kate Grabowski ◽  
Kyra H. Grantz ◽  
Elena Badillo-Goicoechea ◽  
C. Jessica E. Metcalf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Office Work ◽  
School Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extra Curricular Activities ◽  
Low Levels

In-person schooling has proved contentious and difficult to study throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data from a massive online survey in the United States indicates an increased risk of COVID-19-related outcomes among respondents living with a child attending school in-person. School-based mitigation measures are associated with significant reductions in risk, particularly daily symptoms screens, teacher masking, and closure of extra-curricular activities. A positive association between in-person schooling and COVID-19 outcomes persists at low levels of mitigation, but when seven or more mitigation measures are reported, a significant relationship is no longer observed. Among teachers, working outside the home was associated with an increase in COVID-19-related outcomes, but this association is similar to other occupations (e.g., healthcare, office work). While in-person schooling is associated with household COVID-19 risk, this risk can likely be controlled with properly implemented school-based mitigation measures.

Minority Participation of the Senior Management of Private U.S. Hospitals

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755872110166
Author(s):  
Gary Gaumer ◽  
Robert Coulam ◽  
Rose Desilets
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
The United States ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Minority Participation ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
Market Factors

This article examines minority participation in hospital senior management and how participation varies across areas in response to demographic and other market influences. We use data from Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, United States from 2008 to 2014 reported by private hospitals in the United States, grouped into 381 metropolitan areas. Analysis shows minority participation is sensitive to some local market factors including total population, share of minorities in the population, relative number of minorities with bachelor’s degrees in the population, and the concentration of local hospital markets. But, unlike markets for other hospital jobs (professionals, middle managers, and other jobs), changes in these factors create only small changes in minority participation for senior managers. Our results demonstrate that minority participation in senior management is not going to improve very much from future increases in minority populations and from educational parity. Public policies and deliberate organizational strategies will be required to make substantial improvements in diversity of senior management.

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