Antimicrobial Resistance and Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel A. Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia

Healthcare associated pneumonia: An old concept at a hospital with high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance

MedPharmRes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Lam Nguyen-Ho ◽  
Duong Hoang-Thai ◽  
Vu Le-Thuong ◽  
Ngoc Tran-Van
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: One of several reasons that the concept of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) was dismissed was the same presence of multidrug resistant organism (MDRO) between community-acquired pneumonia and HCAP at countries with the low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, this finding could be unsuitable for countries with the high rates of AMR. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the respiratory department of Cho Ray hospital from September 2015 to April 2016. All adult patients suitable for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) with risk factor for healthcare-associated infection were included. Results: We found out 130 subjects. The median age was 71 years (interquartile range 57-81). The male/female ratio was 1.55:1. Prior hospitalization was the most common risk factor for healthcare-associated infection. There were 35 cases (26.9%) with culture-positive (sputum and/or bronchial lavage). Isolated bacteria included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9 cases), Escherichia coli (4 cases), Acinetobacter baumannii (6 cases), and Staphylococcus aureus (7 cases) with the characteristic of AMR similar to the bacterial spectrum associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Conclusion: MDROs were detected frequently in CAP patients with risk factor for healthcare-associated infection at the hospital with the high prevalence of AMR. This requires the urgent need to evaluate risk factors for MDRO infection in community-onset pneumonia when the concept of HCAP is no longer used.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Implications for Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1161-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol E. Chenoweth ◽  
Sanjay Saint ◽  
Fernando Martinez ◽  
Joseph P. Lynch ◽  
A. Mark Fendrick
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia

scholarly journals Treatment costs associated with community-acquired pneumonia by community level of antimicrobial resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1162-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Asche ◽  
C. McAdam-Marx ◽  
B. Seal ◽  
B. Crookston ◽  
C. D. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Community Level

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage and antimicrobial resistance in underfive children with community acquired pneumonia

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cissy B. Kartasasmita ◽  
Heda Melinda Duddy ◽  
Sunaryati Sudigdoadi ◽  
Dwi Agustian ◽  
Ina Setiowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Bacterial Patterns ◽  
Lung Puncture

Lung puncture is the best way to determine the etiology of pneumonia since it yields the highest rate of positive cultures. However, this procedure is difficult, especially for a study in the community. According to WHO, isolates to be tested for antimicrobial resistance in the community should be obtained from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. Previous studies support the use of NP isolates to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates from children with pneumonia. The aim of our study was to know the bacterial patterns of the nasopharynx in underfive children with community acquired pneumonia and their antimicrobial resistance. The study was carried out in 4 Primary Health Clinics in Majalaya sub-district, Bandung, Indonesia. All underfives with cough or difficult breathing and classified as having non-severe pneumonia (WHO guidelines), were included in the study. Nasopharyngeal swabs (CDC/WHO Manual) were obtained by the doctor, the swabs were placed in Amies transport medium and stored in a sterile jar before taken to the laboratory in the same day. All children were treated with co-trimoxazole. During the nine month study, 698 children with clinical signs of non-severe pneumonia were enrolled. About 25% of the nasopharyngeal specimens yielded bacterial isolates; the two most frequently found were S. pneumoniae and S. epidermidis. The antimicrobial resistance test to co-trimoxazole showed 48.2% S. pneumoniae strain had full resistance and 32.7% showed intermediate resistance to co-trimoxazole. This result is almost similar to other studies from Asian countries. It seems that H. influenzae is not a problem in the study area; however, further studies are needed.

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of community-acquired pneumonia in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
MahaM. H. K Mansour ◽  
KhalidMohamed Al Hadidi ◽  
ManalShafik Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia

scholarly journals Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children-An Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Md Kamruzzaman ◽  
Mirza Md Ziaul Islam ◽  
Probir Kumar Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Viral Testing ◽  
Respiratory Signs And Symptoms

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a potentially serious infection in children and often results in hospitalization.CAP symptoms are nonspecific in younger infants, but cough and tachypnea are usually present in older children. The diagnosis can be based on the history and physical examination results in children with fever plus respiratory signs and symptoms. Chest radiography and rapid viral testing may be helpful when the diagnosis is unclear. The most likely etiology depends on the age of the child. Viral and Streptococcus pneumonia infections are most common in preschoolaged children, whereas Mycoplasmapneumoniaeis common in older children.Most children can be managed empirically with oral antibiotics as outpatients without specific laboratory investigations.The decision to treat with antibiotics is challenging, especially with the increasing prevalence of viral and bacterial coinfections. Those with severe infections or with persistent or worsening symptoms need more intensive investigations and may need admission to hospital. The choice and dosage of antibiotics should be based on the age of the patient, severity of the pneumonia and knowledge of local antimicrobial resistance patterns.Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (1) :38-42

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