Effect of long-term cadmium and copper intoxication on the efficiency of ampullate silk glands in false black widow Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spiders

2019 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 108564
Author(s):  
Grażyna Wilczek ◽  
Kinga Surmiak ◽  
Beata Wawszczak ◽  
Mieczysław Sajewicz ◽  
Teresa Kowalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Widow ◽  
Silk Glands ◽  
Copper Intoxication

Venomous Bites and Stings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Patrick Walker
Keyword(s):  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Black Widow ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bites And Stings ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Compartment Pressures ◽  
Widow Spider

Approximately 8000 persons are bitten by venomous snakes in the US each year.  Mortality is low (4 to 6/yr), but morbidity can be significant, treatment costly. Overuse of surgery and antivenom is common. Simply cutting the wound with attempted aspiration is not indicated. Fasciotomy should only be used for patients with elevated compartment pressures. CroFab is a highly effective (but expensive) treatment useful for serious envenomation. Antivenom should be used in patients with life-threatening symptoms (hypotension, clinical coagulopathy) or rapid advancement of local signs, and to reduce compartment pressures to avoid fasciotomy. The most significant morbidity from insect envenomation is secondary to anaphylaxis. A bite from the black widow spider can induce abdominal cramping and pain that can mimics an acute abdomen. Brown recluse envenomation can produce tissue necrosis and long-term complications. Most events are seen rarely by the average physician; this review can be a useful guide in management.  Key words: antivenom, copperhead bite, CroFab, insect bite, rattlesnake bite, snakebite, water moccasin bite

Venomous Bites and Stings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Patrick Walker
Keyword(s):  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Black Widow ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bites And Stings ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Compartment Pressures ◽  
Widow Spider

Approximately 8000 persons are bitten by venomous snakes in the US each year.  Mortality is low (4 to 6/yr), but morbidity can be significant, treatment costly. Overuse of surgery and antivenom is common. Simply cutting the wound with attempted aspiration is not indicated. Fasciotomy should only be used for patients with elevated compartment pressures. CroFab is a highly effective (but expensive) treatment useful for serious envenomation. Antivenom should be used in patients with life-threatening symptoms (hypotension, clinical coagulopathy) or rapid advancement of local signs, and to reduce compartment pressures to avoid fasciotomy. The most significant morbidity from insect envenomation is secondary to anaphylaxis. A bite from the black widow spider can induce abdominal cramping and pain that can mimics an acute abdomen. Brown recluse envenomation can produce tissue necrosis and long-term complications. Most events are seen rarely by the average physician; this review can be a useful guide in management.  Key words: antivenom, copperhead bite, CroFab, insect bite, rattlesnake bite, snakebite, water moccasin bite

Venomous Bites and Stings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Patrick Walker
Keyword(s):  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Black Widow ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bites And Stings ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Compartment Pressures ◽  
Widow Spider

Approximately 8000 persons are bitten by venomous snakes in the US each year.  Mortality is low (4 to 6/yr), but morbidity can be significant, treatment costly. Overuse of surgery and antivenom is common. Simply cutting the wound with attempted aspiration is not indicated. Fasciotomy should only be used for patients with elevated compartment pressures. CroFab is a highly effective (but expensive) treatment useful for serious envenomation. Antivenom should be used in patients with life-threatening symptoms (hypotension, clinical coagulopathy) or rapid advancement of local signs, and to reduce compartment pressures to avoid fasciotomy. The most significant morbidity from insect envenomation is secondary to anaphylaxis. A bite from the black widow spider can induce abdominal cramping and pain that can mimics an acute abdomen. Brown recluse envenomation can produce tissue necrosis and long-term complications. Most events are seen rarely by the average physician; this review can be a useful guide in management.  Key words: antivenom, copperhead bite, CroFab, insect bite, rattlesnake bite, snakebite, water moccasin bite

Venomous Bites and Stings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Patrick Walker
Keyword(s):  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Black Widow ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bites And Stings ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Compartment Pressures ◽  
Widow Spider

Approximately 8000 persons are bitten by venomous snakes in the US each year.  Mortality is low (4 to 6/yr), but morbidity can be significant, treatment costly. Overuse of surgery and antivenom is common. Simply cutting the wound with attempted aspiration is not indicated. Fasciotomy should only be used for patients with elevated compartment pressures. CroFab is a highly effective (but expensive) treatment useful for serious envenomation. Antivenom should be used in patients with life-threatening symptoms (hypotension, clinical coagulopathy) or rapid advancement of local signs, and to reduce compartment pressures to avoid fasciotomy. The most significant morbidity from insect envenomation is secondary to anaphylaxis. A bite from the black widow spider can induce abdominal cramping and pain that can mimics an acute abdomen. Brown recluse envenomation can produce tissue necrosis and long-term complications. Most events are seen rarely by the average physician; this review can be a useful guide in management.  Key words: antivenom, copperhead bite, CroFab, insect bite, rattlesnake bite, snakebite, water moccasin bite

scholarly journals Proteomic Evidence for Components of Spider Silk Synthesis from Black Widow Silk Glands and Fibers

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 4223-4231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ro Crystal Chaw ◽  
Sandra M. Correa-Garhwal ◽  
Thomas H. Clarke ◽  
Nadia A. Ayoub ◽  
Cheryl Y. Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Black Widow ◽  
Silk Glands

scholarly journals Timing stability of three black widow pulsars

2020 ◽  
Vol 494 (2) ◽  
pp. 2591-2599
Author(s):  
Ann-Sofie Bak Nielsen ◽  
Gemma H Janssen ◽  
Golam Shaifullah ◽  
Joris P W Verbiest ◽  
David J Champion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orbital Stability ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Black Widow ◽  
Orbital Parameters ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pulsar Timing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Pulsar Timing Array ◽  
Timing Behaviour

ABSTRACT We study the timing stability of three black widow pulsars (BWPs), both in terms of their long-term spin evolution and their shorter term orbital stability. The erratic timing behaviour and radio eclipses of the first two BWP systems discovered (PSRs B1957+20 and J2051−0827) were assumed to be representative for this class of pulsars. With several new black widow systems added to this population in the last decade, there are now several systems known that do not show these typical orbital variations or radio eclipses. We present timing solutions using 7–8 yr of observations from four of the European Pulsar Timing Array telescopes for PSRs J0023+0923, J2214+3000, and J2234+0944, and confirm that two of these systems do not show any significant orbital variability over our observing time span, both in terms of secular or orbital parameters. The third pulsar PSR J0023+0923 shows orbital variability and we discuss the implications for the timing solution. Our results from the long-term timing of these pulsars provide several new or improved parameters compared to earlier works. We discuss our results regarding the stability of these pulsars, and the stability of the class of BWPs in general, in the context of the binary parameters, and discuss the potential of the Roche lobe filling factor of the companion star being an indicator for stability of these systems.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

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