Comparison of bioaccumulation of metals and induction of metallothioneins in two marine bivalves (Mytilus edulis and Mya arenaria)

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyne Pellerin ◽  
Jean-Claude Amiard
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Marine Bivalves

Absence of Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase (AHH) in Three Marine Bivalves

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Vandermeulen ◽  
W. R. Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Marine Bivalves ◽  
Demethylase Activity

Bivalves exposed to short-term (4 d) and long-term (6 yr) oil pollution were assayed for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and N-demethylase activity. Short-term induction studies were carried out on Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, and Ostrea edulis incubated in aqueous extracts of Kuwait crude oil or Bunker C (fuel) oil. For the chronic-induction studies Mya arenaria and Mytilus edulis were collected from oiled clam beds (Arrow Bunker C) in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia. None of the bivalves showed any basal or petroleum-hydrocarbon-induced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase or N-demethylase activity, as shown by their inability to metabolize benzopyrene or imipramine. In contrast, oil-free control trout and trout taken from a polluted lake readily metabolized both these compounds. The inability of these bivalves to degrade petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons and the tendency of these compounds to accumulate in their tissues present an opportunity for transfer of unaltered hydrocarbons into the food chain. Key words: aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, aromatic hydrocarbon, bivalve, Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, Ostrea edulis, petroleum, pollution

Trial Control of the Greater Clam Drill (Lunatia heros) by Manual Collection

1958 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Medcof ◽  
L. W. Thurber
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Mya Arenaria

Soft-shelled clams (Mya arenaria) 38 mm. long were planted 172 per m.2 in three 10 m.2 plots in a sandy flat where none occurred naturally but where there were 6 drills per m.2 feeding on mussels (Mytilus edulis). After plantings, at least 300 drills entered each plot daily. After 12 days clam survival was only 19% in the plot where there was no protection; 31% where soil was raked before planting and exposed drills removed (84% efficient); 34% where this pre-planting clearance was combined with 8 post-planting, low-tide, manual collections of surfacing drills (3% to 5% efficient). These intense efforts had little effect and would be unjustified on public beds even if much more effective. Drills kill more than half their prey without boring their shells. A higher proportion of the drill population comes to the surface by night (6%) than by day (3%) and small drills are unexplainably scarce.

Évaluation écotoxicologique de la baie des Anglais à Baie-Comeau (Québec)

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyne Pellerin-Massicotte ◽  
Bruno Vincent ◽  
Émilien Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Mya Arenaria

Résumé La baie des Anglais à Baie-Comeau (Québec) est un site industriel reconnu comme étant contaminé aux hydrocarbures et aux biphényls polychlorés (BPC). Une expérience de transfert à moyen terme de deux bivalves marins, Mya arenaria et Mytilus edulis L., a été réalisée entre un site de référence en aval de la baie des Anglais (Franquelin) et des sites contaminés près de Baie-Comeau suivant un gradient de contamination déterminé selon des données physico-chimiques antérieures. Les analyses chimiques de contaminants ont montré qu’il n’y a pas eu d’enrichissement en hydrocarbures, au mercure et en BPC pour toute la durée du protocole mais, parmi les sondes bioanalytiques choisies pour évaluer l’état de santé de cet écosystème, celles qui se sont avérées les plus sensibles chez Mya arenaria furent le glycogène et les lipides dans les gonades, et pour les deux bivalves, la fragilité de la membrane lysosomale de la glande digestive qui est un excellent indicateur de stress toxique. Les présents résultats sont compatibles avec un modèle qui consisterait à établir une évaluation ecotoxicologique d’un écosystème que l’on soupçonne perturbé par la pollution par (i) l’analyse de la bioaccumulation des substances toxiques que l’on croit présentes dans l’écosystème (hydrocarbures, BPC et métaux lourds) et (ii) l’évaluation des effets physiologiques et biochimiques des polluants à l’aide de sondes bioanalytiques appropriées.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles and Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Mollusca—The Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis), Soft Shell Clam (Mya arenaria), Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and Atlantic Jacknife Clam (Ensis leei)

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Bowden ◽  
Igor Kraev ◽  
Sigrun Lange
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Pdz Domain ◽  
Eastern Oyster ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Soft Shell Clam ◽  
Soft Shell

Oysters and clams are important for food security and of commercial value worldwide. They are affected by anthropogenic changes and opportunistic pathogens and can be indicators of changes in ocean environments. Therefore, studies into biomarker discovery are of considerable value. This study aimed at assessing extracellular vesicle (EV) signatures and post-translational protein deimination profiles of hemolymph from four commercially valuable Mollusca species, the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), soft shell clam (Mya arenaria), Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and Atlantic jacknife clam (Ensis leei). EVs form part of cellular communication by transporting protein and genetic cargo and play roles in immunity and host–pathogen interactions. Protein deimination is a post-translational modification caused by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), and can facilitate protein moonlighting in health and disease. The current study identified hemolymph-EV profiles in the four Mollusca species, revealing some species differences. Deiminated protein candidates differed in hemolymph between the species, with some common targets between all four species (e.g., histone H3 and H4, actin, and GAPDH), while other hits were species-specific; in blue mussel these included heavy metal binding protein, heat shock proteins 60 and 90, 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolyase, GTP cyclohydrolase feedback regulatory protein, sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase, and fibrinogen domain containing protein. In soft shell clam specific deimination hits included dynein, MCM3-associated protein, and SCRN. In Eastern oyster specific deimination hits included muscle LIM protein, beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein, myosin heavy chain, thaumatin-like protein, vWFA domain-containing protein, BTB domain-containing protein, amylase, and beta-catenin. Deiminated proteins specific to Atlantic jackknife clam included nacre c1q domain-containing protein and PDZ domain-containing protein In addition, some proteins were common as deiminated targets between two or three of the Bivalvia species under study (e.g., EP protein, C1q domain containing protein, histone H2B, tubulin, elongation factor 1-alpha, dominin, extracellular superoxide dismutase). Protein interaction network analysis for the deiminated protein hits revealed major pathways relevant for immunity and metabolism, providing novel insights into post-translational regulation via deimination. The study contributes to EV characterization in diverse taxa and understanding of roles for PAD-mediated regulation of immune and metabolic pathways throughout phylogeny.

Gross Structure of the Adductor Muscles of Some Pelecypods

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol M. Morrison ◽  
Paul H. Odense
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Spisula Solidissima ◽  
Arctica Islandica ◽  
Modiolus Modiolus ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Clinocardium Ciliatum

A study of the gross structure of adductor muscles of the following pelecypods showed that they conform to Morton’s grouping into the a) "Protobranchia" (Nucula proxima and Yoldia limatula), b) "shallow-burrowing lamellibranchs" (Clinocardium ciliatum, Venericardia borealis, Astarte undata, Arctica islandica, Venus mercenaria, and Spisula solidissima), c) "surface attached lamellibranchs" (Mytilus edulis, Modiolus modiolus, Modiolus demissus, Placopecten magellanicus, and Crassostrea virginica), d) "deep-burrowing and immobile lamellibranchs" (Ensis directus, Hiatella arctica, and Mya arenaria); thus providing more evidence for his classification. The adductor muscle is divided into two portions — translucent and opaque — except in the "deep-burrowing and immobile lamellibranchs", which have opaque muscles only.

scholarly journals Molecular Biomarkers of the Mitochondrial Quality Control Are Differently Affected by Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Stress in Marine Bivalves Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. M. Steffen ◽  
Halina I. Falfushynska ◽  
Helen Piontkivska ◽  
Inna M. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Marine Bivalves ◽  
Hypoxia Reoxygenation

Coastal environments commonly experience strong oxygen fluctuations. Resulting hypoxia/reoxygenation stress can negatively affect mitochondrial functions, since oxygen deficiency impairs ATP generation, whereas a surge of oxygen causes mitochondrial damage by oxidative stress. Marine intertidal bivalves are adapted to fluctuating oxygen conditions, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms that sustain mitochondrial integrity and function during oxygen fluctuations are not yet well understood. We used targeted mRNA expression analysis to determine the potential involvement of the mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in responses to short-term hypoxia (24 h at <0.01% O2) and subsequent reoxygenation (1.5 h at 21% O2) in two hypoxia-tolerant marine bivalves, the Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas and the blue mussels Mytilus edulis. We hypothesized that the genes involved in the mitochondrial quality control will be upregulated during hypoxia, and the less hypoxia-tolerant of the two studied species (M. edulis) will show a stronger dependence on transcriptional upregulation of these pathways than C. gigas. To test these hypotheses, mRNA expression of 17 (C. gigas) and 11 (M. edulis) marker genes involved in mitochondrial fusion, fission, proteolysis and mitophagy was analyzed in the digestive gland of M. edulis and C. gigas in normoxia and during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) stress. In the mussels, the mRNA expression of the transcripts related to mitochondrial dynamics and quality control was strongly altered during H/R stress showing a shift toward fission, suppression of fusion, an increase in mitochondrial proteolysis and onset of mitophagy. These changes indicate that H/R stress induces mitochondrial injury in M. edulis requiring upregulation of the protective mechanisms to segregate the dysfunctional mitochondria by fission and degrade the oxidative damaged proteins and/or organelles. Unlike mussels, the transcript levels of all studied genes in the oysters remained at the baseline (normoxic) levels during H/R stress. This muted transcriptional response of C. gigas is in agreement with earlier findings showing better ability to maintain cellular homeostasis and higher resistance to apoptosis during H/R stress in the oysters compared with the mussels. The revealed species-specific differences in the expression of the mitochondrial quality control pathways shed light on the potentially important mechanisms of mitochondrial protection against H/R-induced damage that might contribute to hypoxia tolerance in marine bivalves.

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