The effects of chronic inorganic and organic phosphate exposure on bactericidal activity of the coelomic fluid of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Anne Böttger ◽  
James B. McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Organic Phosphate ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Differences in ion regulation in the sea urchins Lytechinus variegatus and Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denilton Vidolin ◽  
Ivonete A. Santos-Gouvea ◽  
Carolina A. Freire
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus ◽  
Ion Regulation ◽  
Magnesium Supplementation ◽  
Ionic Concentrations ◽  
Arbacia Lixula

The regular sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus, a species previously reported from areas of reduced salinities, and Arbacia lixula, a species unreported from diluted waters, were submitted to seawater dilution or seawater dilution in magnesium-supplemented waters. Seawater (35 psu) was either proportionally diluted with filtered dechlorinated tap water (30 psu, 25 psu), or diluted and supplemented with magnesium as MgCl2 (30+Mg, 25+Mg), up to full-strength seawater Mg2+ levels (35 psu, ~54 mM Mg2+). Magnesium supplementation was intended to verify the interfering effect of magnesium on osmo-ionic concentrations of the coelomic fluid (CF) of two ecologically distinct species of sea urchins. After 6 h in control (35 psu) or experimental seawater, CF samples were withdrawn by puncturing through the peristomial membrane. Coelomic fluid osmolality ([Osm]), and concentrations of ([Na+]), ([Cl-]), ([Mg2+]) and ([K+]) were measured for both species. Under all conditions, L. variegatus displayed higher CF osmolality, [Na+], and [K+] values than the water (and A. lixula). Comparatively, L. variegatus is designated as a‘hyper-conformer’, while A. lixula is an ‘iso-conformer’. The CF [Mg2+] showed no evidence of being controlled by either species. Mg2+ supplementation in diluted seawater affected Mg2+ and Cl- levels only. Na+ appears to be taken up actively by L. variegatus, rendering its CF mostly hyper-ionic for Na+ (and hyperosmotic) relative to external seawater. The different gradients observed with the different ions suggest selective permeabilities or ion regulation by L. variegatus.

Bactericidal Activity of Coelomic Fluid of the Sea Urchin, Echinus Esculentus, on Different Marine Bacteria

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Service ◽  
Alastair C. Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Marine Agar ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cellular Components

Coelomic fluid from the edible sea urchin Echinus esculentus (L.) has in vitro bactericidal activity against the marine pseudomonad, designated strain No. 111 (Wardlaw & Unkles, 1978). This particular bacterial strain was chosen because of its highly characteristic jet-black, agar-digesting colonies on marine agar plates which permitted it to be easily distinguishable from contaminants in bactericidal tests. Bactericidal activity is localised in the cellular components of the coelomic fluid, particularly in the red spherule cells (Messer & Wardlaw, 1980) and is demonstrable in almost all animals tested.

scholarly journals Ocean warming alters predicted microbiome functionality in a common sea urchin

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1881) ◽  
pp. 20180340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia J. Brothers ◽  
William J. Van Der Pol ◽  
Casey D. Morrow ◽  
Joseph A. Hakim ◽  
Hyunmin Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus ◽  
Community Function ◽  
Near Future

The microbiome of sea urchins plays a role in maintaining digestive health and innate immunity. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term (90 day) exposure to elevated seawater temperatures on the microbiome of the common, subtropical sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus . The community composition and diversity of microbes varied according to the type of sample collected from the sea urchin (seawater, feed, intestines, coelomic fluid, digested pellet and faeces), with the lowest microbial diversity (predominately the order Campylobacterales) located in the intestinal tissue. Sea urchins exposed to near-future seawater temperatures maintained the community structure and diversity of microbes associated with their tissues. However, marginal, non-significant shifts in microbial community structure with elevated temperature resulted in significant changes in predicted metagenomic functions such as membrane transport and amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. The predicted changes in key metabolic categories suggest that near-future climate-induced increases in seawater temperature could shift microbial community function and impact sea urchin digestive and immune physiology.

The effect of dietary protein on consumption, survival, growth and production of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus

Aquaculture ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 254 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 483-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Hammer ◽  
Stephen Watts ◽  
Addison Lawrence ◽  
John Lawrence ◽  
Renee Desmond
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus

scholarly journals Adsorption Behavior of Inorganic and Organic Phosphate by Iron Manganese Plaques on Reed Roots in Wetlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Zhu ◽  
Xiaoli Du ◽  
Can Gao ◽  
Zhenya Yu
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Organic Phosphate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Inorganic and organic phosphate adsorption by iron–manganese (Fe–Mn) plaques extracted from reed roots was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy indicated the roots had rough surfaces and fine particles attached. X-ray photoelectron spectra indicated that Fe and Mn in the Fe–Mn plaques were mainly in the +III and +IV oxidation states, respectively. The contact time, initial phosphate concentration, and temperature effects on inorganic and organic phosphate adsorption were investigated by performing batch tests. Pseudo-second-order model described inorganic and organic phosphate adsorption, indicating the chemisorption was the dominant adsorption process. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were fitted to the equilibrium data, and the Langmuir model fitted best. The maximum inorganic and organic phosphate adsorption capacities at 298 K were 7.69 and 3.66 mg/g, respectively. The inorganic and organic phosphate adsorption processes were spontaneous and exothermic. The inorganic phosphate adsorption capacity was higher than the organic phosphate adsorption capacity, and the presence of organic phosphate did not negatively affect adsorption at inorganic to organic phosphate molar ratios between 1:1 and 3:1. Fourier-transform infrared spectra before and after adsorption showed abundant functional groups on Fe–Mn plaques and that phosphate was probably adsorbed via replacement of hydroxyl groups and inner-sphere surface complexation.

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