Does starvation influence the antioxidant status of the digestive gland of Nacella concinna in experimental conditions?

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Ansaldo ◽  
Hernan Sacristán ◽  
Eva Wider
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Experimental Conditions

scholarly journals Dietary Probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M Improves the Growth, Feed Performance and Antioxidant Status of Penaeid Shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris: A Growth-Ration-Size Approach

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3451
Author(s):  
Mathieu Castex ◽  
Eric Leclercq ◽  
Pierrette Lemaire ◽  
Liêt Chim
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Free Glucose ◽  
Ration Size

Probiotics are increasingly documented to confer health and performance benefits across farmed animals. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a constant daily intake of the single-strain probiotic Pedicococcus acidilactici MA18/5M (4 × 108 CFU.day−1.kg−1 shrimp) fed over fixed, restricted ration sizes (1% to 6% biomass.day−1) on the nutritional performance and metabolism of adult penaeid shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris (initial body-weight, BWi = 10.9 ± 1.8 g). The probiotic significantly increased the relative daily growth rate (RGR) across all ration size s tested (Mean-RGR of 0.45 ± 0.08 and 0.61 ± 0.07% BWi.day−1 for the control and probiotic groups, respectively) and decreased the maintenance ration (Rm) and the optimal ration (Ropt) by 18.6% and 11.3%, respectively. Accordingly, the probiotic group exhibited a significantly higher gross (K1) and net (K2) feed conversion efficiency with average improvement of 35% and 30%, respectively. Enhanced nutritional performances in shrimps that were fed the probiotic P. acidilactici was associated with, in particular, significantly higher α-amylase specific activity (+24.8 ± 5.5% across ration sizes) and a concentration of free-glucose and glycogen in the digestive gland at fixed ration sizes of 3% and below. This suggests that the probiotic effect might reside in a better use of dietary carbohydrates. Interestingly, P. acidilactici intake was also associated with a statistically enhanced total antioxidant status of the digestive gland and haemolymph (+24.4 ± 7.8% and +21.9 ± 8.5%, respectively; p < 0.05). As supported by knowledge in other species, enhanced carbohydrate utilization as a result of P. acidilactici intake may fuel the pentose-phosphate pathway, generating NADPH or directly enhancing OH-radicals scavenging by free glucose, in turn resulting in a decreased level of cellular oxidative stress. In conclusion, the growth-ration method documented a clear contribution of P. acidilactici MA18/5M on growth and feed efficiency of on-growing L. stylirostris that were fed fixed restricted rations under ideal laboratory conditions. The effect of the probiotic on α-amylase activity and carbohydrate metabolism and its link to the shrimp’s antioxidant status raises interesting prospects to optimize dietary formulations and helping to sustain the biological and economic efficiency of the penaeid shrimp-farming industry.

Antioxidant status in rat kidneys after coexposure to uranium and gentamicin

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Poisson ◽  
C Rouas ◽  
L Manens ◽  
I Dublineau ◽  
Y Gueguen
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Gentamicin Treatment

Uranium (U) accumulates and produces its toxic effects preferentially in the kidneys, especially in the proximal tubular structure. U disturbs the balance of pro-/antioxidants in the renal cortex after acute exposure. Other nephrotoxic agents, such as medications, also cause oxidative stress, but the effects of coexposure are not known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of chronic exposure to U and acute gentamicin treatment on the pro- and antioxidant status of the renal cortex of rats. Animals were chronically exposed (9 months) to a nonnephrotoxic level of U (40 mg/L) and then treated with daily injections of gentamicin at a range of doses (0, 5, 25, 100, and 150 mg/kg) during the last week of contamination. We studied changes in the gene expression, protein expression, and enzyme activity of key factors involved in the pro-/antioxidant balance in the renal cortex. At and above a dose of 100 mg/kg, gentamicin decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of catalase ( CAT), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and increased the mRNA levels of heme oxygenase-1 in contaminated rats. This treatment decreased CAT activity, but did not significantly change the SOD protein level. Chronic exposure to U did not worsen these effects in our experimental conditions. In conclusion, gentamicin treatment disturbed the oxidative balance in our model’s renal cortex, but the chronic exposure to U at this nonnephrotoxic level did not appear to reinforce these effects.

scholarly journals Acute Exercise Increases Plasma Total Antioxidant Status and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Untrained Men

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Berzosa ◽  
I. Cebrián ◽  
L. Fuentes-Broto ◽  
E. Gómez-Trullén ◽  
E. Piedrafita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Antioxidant defences are essential for cellular redox regulation. Since free-radical production may be enhanced by physical activity, herein, we evaluated the effect of acute exercise on total antioxidant status (TAS) and the plasma activities of catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase and its possible relation to oxidative stress resulting from exercise. Healthy untrained male subjects () performed three cycloergometric tests, including maximal and submaximal episodes. Venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after each different exercise. TAS and enzyme activities were assessed by spectrophotometry. An increase of the antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma was detected after both maximal and submaximal exercise periods. Moreover, under our experimental conditions, exercise also led to an augmentation of TAS levels. These findings are consistent with the idea that acute exercise may play a beneficial role because of its ability to increase antioxidant defense mechanisms through a redox sensitive pathway.

Electrolytic Isolation of Twin-Type Shock Deformation Structures

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
F. I. Grace ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Average Current Density ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Specimen Edge

During the course of electron transmission investigations of the deformation structures associated with shock-loaded thin foil specimens of 70/30 brass, it was observed that in a number of instances preferential etching occurred along grain boundaries; and that the degree of etching appeared to depend upon the various experimental conditions prevailing during electropolishing. These included the electrolyte composition, the average current density, and the temperature in the vicinity of the specimen. In the specific case of 70/30 brass shock-loaded at pressures in the range 200-400 kilobars, the predominant mode of deformation was observed to be twin-type faults which in several cases exhibited preferential etching similar to that observed along grain boundaries. A novel feature of this particular phenomenon was that in certain cases, especially for twins located in the vicinity of the specimen edge, the etching or preferential electropolishing literally isolated these structures from the matrix.

Site of Lysosome Production During Hepatic Injury

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Nalin J. Unakar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Close Approximation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Toxic Injury

The increased number of lysosomes as well as the close approximation of lysosomes to the Golgi apparatus in tissue under variety of experimental conditions is commonly observed. These observations suggest Golgi involvement in lysosomal production. The role of the Golgi apparatus in the production of lysosomes in mouse liver was studied by electron microscopy of liver following toxic injury by CCI4.

Optimizing conditions for x-ray microchemical analysis in analytical electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 548-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
Solid Angle ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microchemical Analysis ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Incident Beam Energy

The ultimate sensitivity of microchemical analysis using x-ray emission rests in selecting those experimental conditions which will maximize the measured peak-to-background (P/B) ratio. This paper presents the results of calculations aimed at determining the influence of incident beam energy, detector/specimen geometry and specimen composition on the P/B ratio for ideally thin samples (i.e., the effects of scattering and absorption are considered negligible). As such it is assumed that the complications resulting from system peaks, bremsstrahlung fluorescence, electron tails and specimen contamination have been eliminated and that one needs only to consider the physics of the generation/emission process.The number of characteristic x-ray photons (Ip) emitted from a thin foil of thickness dt into the solid angle dΩ is given by the well-known equation

SEM analysis of the change in the reaction rates with deposit structures in the copper-iron cementation system

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
V. Annamalai ◽  
L.E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Emission Mode ◽  
Scrap Iron ◽  
Image Position

Economical recovery of copper metal from leach liquors has been carried out by the simple process of cementing copper onto a suitable substrate metal, such as scrap-iron, since the 16th century. The process has, however, a major drawback of consuming more iron than stoichiometrically needed by the reaction.Therefore, many research groups started looking into the process more closely. Though it is accepted that the structural characteristics of the resultant copper deposit cause changes in reaction rates for various experimental conditions, not many systems have been systematically investigated. This paper examines the deposit structures and the kinetic data, and explains the correlations between them.A simple cementation cell along with rotating discs of pure iron (99.9%) were employed in this study to obtain the kinetic results The resultant copper deposits were studied in a Hitachi Perkin-Elmer HHS-2R scanning electron microscope operated at 25kV in the secondary electron emission mode.

Relative Intensities in ED Patterns From Thin Gold Films

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
R. H. Morriss ◽  
J. D. C. Peng ◽  
C. D. Melvin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Diffraction Theory ◽  
Gold Films ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Crystal Perfection ◽  
Heavy Atoms ◽  
Fine Focus ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Beam Diffraction

Although dynamical diffraction theory was modified for electrons by Bethe in 1928, relatively few calculations have been carried out because of computational difficulties. Even fewer attempts have been made to correlate experimental data with theoretical calculations. The experimental conditions are indeed stringent - not only is a knowledge of crystal perfection, morphology, and orientation necessary, but other factors such as specimen contamination are important and must be carefully controlled. The experimental method of fine-focus convergent-beam electron diffraction has been successfully applied by Goodman and Lehmpfuhl to single crystals of MgO containing light atoms and more recently by Lynch to single crystalline (111) gold films which contain heavy atoms. In both experiments intensity distributions were calculated using the multislice method of n-beam diffraction theory. In order to obtain reasonable accuracy Lynch found it necessary to include 139 beams in the calculations for gold with all but 43 corresponding to beams out of the [111] zone.

Control of Autogenous Vein Grafts Prior to Reimplantation, By Electron Microscopy

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
John H. L. Watson ◽  
John L. Swedo ◽  
M. Vrandecic
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vein Grafts ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Saphenous Veins ◽  
Autogenous Vein ◽  
Control Of Parameters ◽  
Post Implantation

The ambient temperature and the nature of the storage fluids may well have significant effects upon the post-implantation behavior of venus autografts. A first step in the investigation of such effects is reported here. Experimental conditions have been set which approximate actual operating room procedures. Saphenous veins from dogs have been used as models in the experiments. After removal from the dogs the veins were kept for two hours under four different experimental conditions, viz at either 4°C or 23°C in either physiological saline or whole canine arterial blood. At the end of the two hours they were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Since no obvious changes or damage could be seen in the veins by light microscopy, even with the advantage of tissue specific stains, it was essential that the control of parameters for successful grafts be set by electron microscopy.

A comparative study on the cold type and thermal type field emission guns used in the same electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
M. Iwatsuki ◽  
Y. Kokubo ◽  
Y. Harada
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Optical Source ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Transmission Electron

On accout of its high brightness, small optical source size, and minimal energy spread, the field emission gun (FEG) has the advantage that it provides the conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a highly coherent illumination system and directly improves the resolving power and signal-to-noise ratio of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The FEG is generally classified into two types; the cold field emission (C-FEG) and thermal field emission gun (T-FEG). The former, in which a field emitter is used at the room temperature, was successfully developed as an electron source for the SEM. The latter, in which the emitter is heated to the temperature range of 1000-1800°K, was also proved to be very suited as an electron source for the TEM, as well as for the SEM. Some characteristics of the two types of the FEG have been studied and reported by many authors. However, the results of the respective types have been obtained separately under different experimental conditions.

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