Effects of fasting and refeeding on gene expression of slc15a1a, a gene encoding an oligopeptide transporter (PepT1), in the intestine of Mozambique tilapia

2017 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenith Gaye A. Orozco ◽  
Satoshi Soma ◽  
Toyoji Kaneko ◽  
Soichi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oligopeptide Transporter ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Mozambique Tilapia ◽  
Fasting And Refeeding

scholarly journals EVOLUTION AND VARIATION OF RENIN GENES IN MICE

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-667
Author(s):  
Douglas P Dickinson ◽  
Kenneth W Gross ◽  
Nina Piccini ◽  
Carol M Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Duplication Event ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Prior Estimate ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT Inbred strains of mice carry Ren-1, a gene encoding the thermostable Renin-1 isozyme. Ren-1 is expressed at relatively low levels in mouse submandibular gland and kidney. Some strains also carry Ren-2, a gene encoding the thermolabile Renin-2 isozyme. Ren-2 is expressed at high levels in the mouse submandibular gland and at very low levels, if at all, in the kidney. Ren-1 and Ren-2 are closely linked on mouse chromosome 1, show extensive homology in coding and noncoding regions and provide a model for studying the regulation of gene expression. An investigation of renin genes and enzymatic activity in wild-derived mice identified several restriction site polymorphisms as well as putative variants in renin gene expression and protein structure. The number of renin genes carried by different subpopulations of wild-derived mice is consistent with the occurrence of a gene duplication event prior to the divergence of M. spretus (2.75-5.5 million yr ago). This conclusion is in agreement with a prior estimate based upon comparative sequence analysis of Ren-1 and Ren-2 from inbred laboratory mice.

Metallothionein gene expression and secretion in white adipose tissue

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. R2329-R2335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Trayhurn ◽  
Jacqueline S. Duncan ◽  
Anne M. Wood ◽  
John H. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist

White adipose tissue (WAT) has been examined to determine whether the gene encoding metallothionein (MT), a low-molecular-weight stress response protein, is expressed in the tissue and whether MT may be a secretory product of adipocytes. The MT-1 gene was expressed in epididymal WAT, with MT-1 mRNA levels being similar in lean and obese ( ob/ ob) mice. MT-1 mRNA was found in each of the main adipose tissue sites (epididymal, perirenal, omental, subcutaneous), and there was no major difference between depots. Separation of adipocytes from the stromal-vascular fraction of WAT indicated that the MT gene (MT-1 and MT-2) was expressed in adipocytes themselves. Treatment of mice with zinc had no effect on MT-1 mRNA levels in WAT, despite strong induction of MT-1 expression in the liver. MT-1 gene expression in WAT was also unaltered by fasting or norepinephrine. However, administration of a β3-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL-35153A, led to a significant increase in MT-1 mRNA. On differentiation of fibroblastic preadipocytes to adipocytes in primary culture, MT was detected in the medium, suggesting that the protein may be secreted from WAT. It is concluded that WAT may be a significant site of MT production; within adipocytes, MT could play an antioxidant role in protecting fatty acids from damage.

Regulation of oligopeptide transporter (Pept-1) in experimental diabetes

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. G133-G138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Gangopadhyay ◽  
Manikkavasagar Thamotharan ◽  
Siamak A. Adibi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Oligopeptide Transporter ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Menten Constant

The knowledge of expression and biology of the intestinal oligopeptide transporter (Pept-1) in a metabolic disorder such as diabetes may have nutritional and pharmacological implications. To study this problem, rats were made diabetic by streptozotocin injection, and Western and Northern blot analyses and nuclear run-on assay were used to determine the protein and gene expressions of Pept-1 and its rate of transcription, respectively. Uncontrolled diabetes for 96 h increased the activity of Pept-1 in the brush-border membrane of intestinal mucosa. Studies of Michaelis-Menten constant, maximal velocity, and protein expression of Pept-1 indicated that an increase in the abundance of this transporter was responsible for the increased activity. Studies of the gene expression showed that uncontrolled diabetes increased the abundance of mRNA encoding Pept-1 without altering its rate of transcription. Lastly, studies of the specificity of the above effect showed that uncontrolled diabetes similarly affected the protein and gene expressions of Pept-1 located in the kidney. In conclusion, the data show that 1) uncontrolled diabetes has a tropic effect on Pept-1 and 2) the effect is systemic, and its molecular mechanism appears to be an increase in the stabilization of mRNA encoding Pept-1.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus Gene-Ebna1 on Human Tnfrp55 Gene Expression

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274
Author(s):  
Joanna Krzowska-Firych ◽  
Hanna Fota-Markowska ◽  
Barbara Marzec-Kotarska ◽  
Roma Modrzewska ◽  
Jacek Wojcierowski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Rnase Protection Assay ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Rnase Protection ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Ebna1 Gene

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the expression of TNFRp55 mRNA and to examine if the antisense inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded EBNA1 gene product alters the expression of gene encoding TNFRp55 in lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). The experiment was performed on LCL derived from EBV infected human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. The lymphocytes were isolated and cultured. RNA was isolated and examined according to the RNase protection assay. The hybridisation was done with HCR-4 probe. RNA was quantified by densitometry and presented in extinction units. The level of expression was calculated with TotaILab software programme. The results of the study suggest that EBV gene, responsible for the synthesis of EBNA1 protein, has an inhibitory effect on human TNFRp55 gene expression in LCL.

scholarly journals Modulating Pathogenesis with Mobile-CRISPRi

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiuxin Qu ◽  
Neha K. Prasad ◽  
Michelle A. Yu ◽  
Shuyan Chen ◽  
Amy Lyden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Animal Infection

ABSTRACT Conditionally essential (CE) genes are required by pathogenic bacteria to establish and maintain infections. CE genes encode virulence factors, such as secretion systems and effector proteins, as well as biosynthetic enzymes that produce metabolites not found in the host environment. Due to their outsized importance in pathogenesis, CE gene products are attractive targets for the next generation of antimicrobials. However, the precise manipulation of CE gene expression in the context of infection is technically challenging, limiting our ability to understand the roles of CE genes in pathogenesis and accordingly design effective inhibitors. We previously developed a suite of CRISPR interference-based gene knockdown tools that are transferred by conjugation and stably integrate into bacterial genomes that we call Mobile-CRISPRi. Here, we show the efficacy of Mobile-CRISPRi in controlling CE gene expression in an animal infection model. We optimize Mobile-CRISPRi in Pseudomonas aeruginosa for use in a murine model of pneumonia by tuning the expression of CRISPRi components to avoid nonspecific toxicity. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate that knock down of a CE gene encoding the type III secretion system (T3SS) activator ExsA blocks effector protein secretion in culture and attenuates virulence in mice. We anticipate that Mobile-CRISPRi will be a valuable tool to probe the function of CE genes across many bacterial species and pathogenesis models. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat to global health. To optimize the use of our existing antibiotics and identify new targets for future inhibitors, understanding the fundamental drivers of bacterial growth in the context of the host immune response is paramount. Historically, these genetic drivers have been difficult to manipulate precisely, as they are requisite for pathogen survival. Here, we provide the first application of Mobile-CRISPRi to study conditionally essential virulence genes in mouse models of lung infection through partial gene perturbation. We envision the use of Mobile-CRISPRi in future pathogenesis models and antibiotic target discovery efforts.

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue Expansion by Overfeeding Healthy Men Alters Iron Gene Expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berenice Segrestin ◽  
José Maria Moreno-Navarrete ◽  
Kevin Seyssel ◽  
Maud Alligier ◽  
Emmanuelle Meugnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intracellular Iron ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Healthy Men

Abstract Context Iron overload has been associated with greater adipose tissue (AT) depots. We retrospectively studied the potential interactions between iron and AT during an experimental overfeeding in participants without obesity. Methods Twenty-six participants (mean body mass index ± SD, 24.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2) underwent a 56-day overfeeding (+760 kcal/d). Serum iron biomarkers (ELISA), subcutaneous AT (SAT) gene expression, and abdominal AT distribution assessed by MRI were analyzed at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Results Before intervention: SAT mRNA expression of the iron transporter transferrin (Tf) was positively correlated with the expression of genes related to lipogenesis (lipin 1, ACSL1) and lipid storage (SCD). SAT expression of the ferritin light chain (FTL) gene, encoding ferritin (FT), an intracellular iron storage protein, was negatively correlated to SREBF1, a gene related to lipogenesis. Serum FT (mean, 92 ± 57 ng/mL) was negatively correlated with the expression of SAT genes linked to lipid storage (SCD, DGAT2) and to lipogenesis (SREBF1, ACSL1). After intervention: Overfeeding led to a 2.3 ± 1.3-kg weight gain. In parallel to increased expression of lipid storage–related genes (mitoNEET, SCD, DGAT2, SREBF1), SAT Tf, SLC40A1 (encoding ferroportin 1, a membrane iron export channel) and hephaestin mRNA levels increased, whereas SAT FTL mRNA decreased, suggesting increased AT iron requirement. Serum FT decreased to 67 ± 43 ng/mL. However, no significant associations between serum iron biomarkers and AT distribution or expansion were observed. Conclusion In healthy men, iron metabolism gene expression in SAT is associated with lipid storage and lipogenesis genes expression and is modulated during a 56-day overfeeding diet.

scholarly journals Flavin Mononucleotide-Based Fluorescent Protein as an Oxygen-Independent Reporter in Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tielker ◽  
I. Eichhof ◽  
K.-E. Jaeger ◽  
J. F. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Flavin Mononucleotide ◽  
Gene Encoding

ABSTRACT Hypoxia is encountered frequently by pathogenic and apathogenic fungi. A codon-adapted gene encoding flavin mononucleotide-based fluorescent protein (CaFbFP) was expressed in Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both species produced CaFbFP and fluoresced even during hypoxia, suggesting that oxygen-independent CaFbFP is a useful, novel tool for monitoring hypoxic gene expression in fungi.

Oral immunization with a dam mutant of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis protects against plague

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 1919-1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Taylor ◽  
Richard W. Titball ◽  
Petra C. F. Oyston
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Dna Adenine Methylase ◽  
Methylase Gene

Inactivation of the gene encoding DNA adenine methylase (dam) has been shown to attenuate some pathogens such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and is a lethal mutation in others such as Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain YPIII. In this study the dam methylase gene in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain IP32953 was inactivated. Unlike the wild-type, DNA isolated from the mutant could be digested with MboI, which is consistent with an altered pattern of DNA methylation. The mutant was sensitive to bile salts but not to 2-aminopurine. The effect of dam inactivation on gene expression was examined using a DNA microarray. In BALB/c mice inoculated orally or intravenously with the dam mutant, the median lethal dose (MLD) was at least 106-fold higher than the MLD of the wild-type. BALB/c mice inoculated with the mutant were protected against a subcutaneous challenge with 100 MLDs of Yersinia pestis strain GB and an intravenous challenge with 300 MLDs of Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32953.

scholarly journals Global Gene Expression and Focused Knockout Analysis Reveals Genes Associated with Fungal Fruiting Body Development in Neurospora crassa

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Francesc Lopez-Giraldez ◽  
Nina Lehr ◽  
Marta Farré ◽  
Ralph Common ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fruiting Body Development

ABSTRACTFungi can serve as highly tractable models for understanding genetic basis of sexual development in multicellular organisms. Applying a reverse-genetic approach to advance such a model, we used random and multitargeted primers to assay gene expression across perithecial development inNeurospora crassa. We found that functionally unclassified proteins accounted for most upregulated genes, whereas downregulated genes were enriched for diverse functions. Moreover, genes associated with developmental traits exhibited stage-specific peaks of expression. Expression increased significantly across sexual development for mating type genemat a-1and format A-1specific pheromone precursorccg-4. In addition, expression of a gene encoding a protein similar to zinc finger,stc1, was highly upregulated early in perithecial development, and a strain with a knockout of this gene exhibited arrest at the same developmental stage. A similar expression pattern was observed for genes in RNA silencing and signaling pathways, and strains with knockouts of these genes were also arrested at stages of perithecial development that paralleled their peak in expression. The observed stage specificity allowed us to correlate expression upregulation and developmental progression and to identify regulators of sexual development. Bayesian networks inferred from our expression data revealed previously known and new putative interactions between RNA silencing genes and pathways. Overall, our analysis provides a fine-scale transcriptomic landscape and novel inferences regarding the control of the multistage development process of sexual crossing and fruiting body development inN. crassa.

scholarly journals Prolactin 177, prolactin 188, and extracellular osmolality independently regulate the gene expression of ion transport effectors in gill of Mozambique tilapia

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (10) ◽  
pp. R1251-R1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayu Inokuchi ◽  
Jason P. Breves ◽  
Shunsuke Moriyama ◽  
Soichi Watanabe ◽  
Toyoji Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ion Transporters ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Mozambique Tilapia ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Euryhaline Teleost

This study characterized the local effects of extracellular osmolality and prolactin (PRL) on branchial ionoregulatory function of a euryhaline teleost, Mozambique tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus). First, gill filaments were dissected from freshwater (FW)-acclimated tilapia and incubated in four different osmolalities, 280, 330, 380, and 450 mosmol/kg H2O. The mRNA expression of Na+/K+-ATPase α1a (NKA α1a) and Na+/Cl− cotransporter (NCC) showed higher expression with decreasing media osmolalities, while Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter 1a (NKCC1a) and PRL receptor 2 (PRLR2) mRNA levels were upregulated by increases in media osmolality. We then incubated gill filaments in media containing ovine PRL (oPRL) and native tilapia PRLs (tPRL177 and tPRL188). oPRL and the two native tPRLs showed concentration-dependent effects on NCC, NKAα1a, and PRLR1 expression; Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) expression was increased by 24 h of incubation with tPRLs. Immunohistochemical observation showed that oPRL and both tPRLs maintained a high density of NCC- and NKA-immunoreactive ionocytes in cultured filaments. Furthermore, we found that tPRL177 and tPRL188 differentially induce expression of these ion transporters, according to incubation time. Together, these results provide evidence that ionocytes of Mozambique tilapia may function as osmoreceptors, as well as directly respond to PRL to modulate branchial ionoregulatory functions.

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