Diet preferences for specific fatty acids and their effect on composition of fat reserves in migratory Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceous)

2004 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Pierce ◽  
Scott R. McWilliams ◽  
Allen R. Place ◽  
Michael A. Huguenin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Diet Preferences

scholarly journals Parasitic wasps do not lack lipogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Ruther ◽  
Lorena Prager ◽  
Tamara Pokorny
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Lipid Mass ◽  
Unlimited Access ◽  
Eleven Species

Fatty acids are crucial primary metabolites for virtually any creature on earth. Therefore, most organisms do not rely exclusively on nutritional supply with fatty acids but have the ability to synthesize fatty acids and triacylglycerides de novo from carbohydrates, a process called lipogenesis. The ubiquity of lipogenesis has been questioned by a series of studies reporting that many parasitic wasps (parasitoids) do not accumulate lipid mass despite having unlimited access to sugar. This has been interpreted as an evolutionary metabolic trait loss in parasitoids. Here, we demonstrate de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids from 13C-labeled α-D-glucose in eleven species of parasitoids from six families. We furthermore show with the model organism Nasonia vitripennis that lipogenesis occurs even when lipid reserves are still intact, but relative 13C-incorporation rates increase in females with widely depleted fat reserves. Therefore, we conclude that the presumed "lack of lipogenesis" in parasitoids needs to be re-evaluated.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for milk fatty acid composition of Holstein in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1573-1578
Author(s):  
Chan Hyuk Park ◽  
Umanthi Ranaraja ◽  
Chang Gwon Dang ◽  
Jong Joo Kim ◽  
Chang Hee Do
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Fat Reserves

Objective: Milk fatty acid (FA) is a main nutritional component that markedly effects human health. Intentional modification of the FA profile has the potential to improve milk quality. This study aimed at the factors affecting elevated FA levels and the estimation of the genetic parameters for milk FAs in the Korean Holstein population.Methods: Total 885,249 repeated test-day milk records including, milk yield, saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), total unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA), fat and protein percentages were analyzed using CombiFoss FT+ system (Foss Analytical A/S, Denmark). Genetic parameters were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood procedure based on the repeatability model using the Wombat program.Results: The FA profile varies along with the lactation and the energy balance (EB). With the negative EB in early lactation, mobilization of body fat reserves elevates the desirable FA levels. As a result of that, milk quality is increased by means of nutritionally and usability aspects during the early lactation. Moreover, heritability estimates for SFA, MUFA, PUFA, TUFA were 0.33, 0.42, 0.37, 0.41 respectively. According to the parity wise heritability analysis, first parity cows had relatively lower heritability for SFAs (0.19) than later parities (0.28).Conclusion: Genetic parameters indicated that FAs were under stronger genetic control. Therefore, we suggest implementing animal breeding programs towards improving the milk FA profile.

scholarly journals Parasitic wasps do not lack lipogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1951) ◽  
pp. 20210548
Author(s):  
Joachim Ruther ◽  
Lorena Prager ◽  
Tamara Pokorny
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Lipid Mass ◽  
Unlimited Access

Fatty acids are crucial primary metabolites for virtually all creatures on earth. Most organisms thus do not rely exclusively on a nutritional supply containing fatty acids, but have the ability to synthesize fatty acids and triacylglycerides de novo from carbohydrates in a process called lipogenesis. The ubiquity of lipogenesis has been questioned by a series of studies reporting that many parasitic wasps (parasitoids) do not accumulate lipid mass despite having unlimited access to sugar. This has been interpreted as an evolutionary metabolic trait loss in parasitoids. Here, we demonstrate de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids from 13 C-labelled α- d -glucose in 13 species of parasitoids from seven families. We furthermore show in the model organism Nasonia vitripennis that lipogenesis occurs even when lipid reserves are still intact, but relative 13 C-incorporation rates increase in females with widely depleted fat reserves. We therefore conclude that the presumed ‘lack of lipogenesis' in parasitoids needs to be re-evaluated.

scholarly journals Accumulation of dietary fish fatty acids in the body fat reserves of some carnivorous fur-bearing animals

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
Kirsti Rouvinen ◽  
Jaakko Mäkelä ◽  
Tuomo Kiiskinen ◽  
Seppo Nummela
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Body fat composition of the mink (Mustela vison), polecat (Mustela putorius), and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) was studied. The animals were fed a wet diet, supplemented with 5 % lard (LA) or fish oil (FO) for 5-6 months. At pelting, five animals per dietary group were sampled. Dietary levels of cetoleic (C22:1ω11), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C20:5ω3), and docosahexaenoic (DHA, C22:6ω3) acids were 0.4, 0.3, and 0.5% in the fat of the LA diet, and 7.6, 4.2 and 4.3% in the FO diet, respectively. In the FO diet, EPA and DHA accumulated especially in the liver and heart, while cetoleic acid showed the highest affinity to the heart muscle and subcutaneous fat. The highest levels of EPA were found in raccoon dogs and polecats fed the FO diet. The mean EPA levels ranged from 6.7-9.3% in the liver fat and 7.2-8.0% in the heart muscle fat. In the mink, the corresponding values were 2.7% and 3.9%, respectively. DHA levels were the highest in the liver fat of the polecats, being 18.5% in the FO diet. In addition, the liver in raccoon dogs fed the FO diet (13.8%) differed significantly from themink (9.4%). The differences in the accumulation of these long-chained marine fatty acids were apparently caused by species differences in the efficiency of their peroxisomal β-oxidation.

scholarly journals Sturgeon Meat and Caviar Quality from Different Cultured Species

Fishes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalaura Lopez ◽  
Mauro Vasconi ◽  
Federica Bellagamba ◽  
Tiziana Mentasti ◽  
Vittorio Maria Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Species Specific

Sturgeon raw eggs, caviar and meat obtained from different species reared in an Italian production plant were evaluated for their chemical composition, in order to improve their appreciation on the market and to detect any eventual distinctness related to the species. Mainly, fatty acid (FA) profile of eggs and caviar, determined by Gas-Chromatography coupled to Flame Ionization Detection, showed variability in the interspecific comparison, highlighted by chemometric methods (Linear Discriminant Analysis). Generally, all samples showed a prevalence of unsaturated fatty acids with respect to saturated ones, reaching a content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) between the 40% and the 50% of total FA. A remarkable presence of n3 series PUFA was detected in all samples and a selective deposition of many FA into eggs’ cellular membranes, yolk lipid and body fat reserves, imputable to the different biological role of single FA during sturgeon reproduction, was evidenced. Chemical composition of sturgeon flesh samples evidenced a high-protein and medium-fat content, characterized by a FA profile of high nutritional value. Moreover, color parameters (redness, yellowness, brightness, Chroma) were measured on sturgeon fillets, showing many species-specific characteristics of sturgeon meat.

scholarly journals Metabolic changes in rats during developing thiamin deficiency.(Short Communications)

1975 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
C C Liang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Thiamin Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Glucose Plasma ◽  
Normal Controls

Determinations of rectal temperature, blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids, liver acetyl-CoA and carcass fat of thiamin-deficient rats indicated that during the ensuing anorexia they metabolized their fat reserves more rapidly than did pair-fed normal controls. Their lower metabolic rate indicates that the reserves mobilized are utilized inefficiently.

scholarly journals Fatty acids and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) in southern right whale Eubalaena australis calves in relation to age and mortality at Península Valdés, Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 646 ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
CF Marón ◽  
SM Budge ◽  
RE Ward ◽  
LO Valenzuela ◽  
M Di Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Right Whale ◽  
Eubalaena Australis ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Calf Survival

Baleen whales accumulate fat reserves during the summer to sustain reproduction while fasting in the winter. The southern right whale Eubalaena australis population that calves off Península Valdés, Argentina, experienced high calf mortality events from 2003 to 2013 and poor nutritional states of mothers could be a contributing cause. Previous studies found that the population’s reproductive success is influenced by prey availability. Mothers unable to build sufficient fat reserves or feeding on prey with different nutritional value may fail to meet the demands of lactation. Milk is the only source of nutrients and energy for calves at Valdés, so their fatty acids (FAs) and stable isotopes should reflect their mother’s diet and feeding-ground locations. Here, we compared FA profiles and C and N stable isotopes of dead calves with those of living calves to evaluate the potential impact of maternal nutrition on calf survival. We found no differences in the FA composition of blubber in dead and living calves, indicating similar maternal diets. Likewise, the isotopic values of living and dead calves imply that their mothers had similar foraging ranges. However, FA composition was greatly affected by calf length, indicating effects of calf age and duration of nursing. These findings suggest that mothers of dead calves did not feed on different diets or feeding grounds compared to mothers of living calves. Future research should further assess the overall health and body condition of the Valdés southern right whale calves.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation and food deprivation in common vampire bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1051-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Freitas ◽  
A. F. Welker ◽  
E. C. Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
The Common ◽  
Vampire Bat

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seasonal variation and fasting on fat reserves of the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus. Plasma free fatty acids (FFA), along with lipid content of the liver and muscles, and fatty acids from the carcass were obtained from bats fed bovine blood and from whom food was subsequently withheld for 24 and 48 h. Animals were caught during both dry and rainy seasons. In general, fat tissue stores were not significantly influenced by seasonal variation. Lipid content of liver, muscles, and carcass decreased during some food deprivation periods, although the concomitant increase expected in plasma FFA was not observed. Lipid metabolism is hypothesized as being continued by the tissues themselves. In addition, free access to food sources (e.g., domestic livestock) throughout the year is believed to contribute to the low seasonal variations in fat reserves observed in the common vampire bat.

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