A Pauli master equation method is adopted for the simulation of polymer bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene copolymer (P(VDF–TrFE)) films as interfacial layers.
A novel, solution-processable non-fullerene electron acceptor displayed excellent solubility, thermal stability, and afforded 2.30% power conversion efficiency with a high open-circuit voltage (1.17 V).