Surface tension (γLV), surface energy (γSV) and crystal-melt interfacial energy (γSL) of metals

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathi Aqra ◽  
Ahmed Ayyad
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Interfacial Energy

The nucleation of cavities at grain boundaries

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
P. J. Goodhew
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Impurity Concentration ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Phase Boundaries ◽  
Cavity Nucleation ◽  
Spherical Bubble

Cavity nucleation and growth at grain and phase boundaries is of concern because it can lead to failure during creep and can lead to embrittlement as a result of radiation damage. Two major types of cavity are usually distinguished: The term bubble is applied to a cavity which contains gas at a pressure which is at least sufficient to support the surface tension (2g/r for a spherical bubble of radius r and surface energy g). The term void is generally applied to any cavity which contains less gas than this, but is not necessarily empty of gas. A void would therefore tend to shrink in the absence of any imposed driving force for growth, whereas a bubble would be stable or would tend to grow. It is widely considered that cavity nucleation always requires the presence of one or more gas atoms. However since it is extremely difficult to prepare experimental materials with a gas impurity concentration lower than their eventual cavity concentration there is little to be gained by debating this point.

The Surface Energy between Rubber and Fillers

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Hartner
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Calorimetric Method ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Aging Phenomenon ◽  
Rubber Filler

Abstract The purpose of this research was to increase the reliability and accuracy of the calorimetric method elaborated by Bostroem, and to discover and overcome any difficulties or sources of error in order that the method might be applicable to the investigation of problems concerning the chemistry and technology of rubber. The following points were to be considered: 1. The dependence of the “reinforcing” action of a filler on its concentration, and the utilization of the surface energy between rubber and filler. 2. The evaluation of the surface tension in the system raw rubber/filler. 3. The aging phenomenon of rubber and the possibility of making it reversible 4. The comparison of various commercial gas blacks at a given concentration.

The liquid blister test

2008 ◽  
Vol 464 (2099) ◽  
pp. 2887-2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Chopin ◽  
Dominic Vella ◽  
Arezki Boudaoud
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Elastic Plates ◽  
Blister Test ◽  
Thin Liquid Layer ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Thin Elastic Plates ◽  
Adhesive Forces

We consider a thin elastic sheet adhering to a stiff substrate by means of the surface tension of a thin liquid layer. Debonding is initiated by imposing a vertical displacement at the centre of the sheet and leads to the formation of a delaminated region or ‘blister’. This experiment reveals that the perimeter of the blister takes one of three different forms depending on the vertical displacement imposed. As this displacement is increased, we observe first circular, then undulating and finally triangular blisters. We obtain theoretical predictions for the observed features of each of these three families of blisters. The theory is built upon the Föppl–von Kármán equations for thin elastic plates and accounts for the surface energy of the liquid. We find good quantitative agreement between our theoretical predictions and experimental results, demonstrating that all three families are governed by different balances between elastic and capillary forces. Our results may bear on micrometric tapered devices and other systems, where elastic and adhesive forces are in competition.

scholarly journals Sorting Liquid Droplets by Surface Tension Using Devices with Quasi-Superamphiphobic Coatings

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ping Zhang ◽  
Di Fan ◽  
Xiu-Zhi Bai ◽  
Cheng-Xing Cui ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Coated Nanoparticles ◽  
Tilting Angle ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Alcoholic Strength

Any solid surface with homogenous or varying surface energy can spontaneously show variable wettability to liquid droplets with different or identical surface tensions. Here, we studied a glass slide sprayed with a quasi-superamphiphobic coating consisting of a hexane suspension of perfluorosilane-coated nanoparticles. Four areas on the glass slide with a total length of 7.5 cm were precisely tuned via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and droplets with surface tensions of 72.1–33.9 mN m−1 were categorized at a tilting angle of 3°. Then, we fabricated a U-shaped device sprayed with the same coating and used it to sort the droplets more finely by rolling them in the guide groove of the device to measure their total rolling time and distance. We found a correlation between ethanol content/surface tension and rolling time/distance, so we used the same device to estimate the alcoholic strength of Chinese liquors and to predict the surface tension of ethanol aqueous solutions.

Molecular Dynamics Study of Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles in Water and Vacuum Environments

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Okeke ◽  
Robert B. Hammond ◽  
S. Joseph Antony
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Anatase Tio2 ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Metallic Oxides ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Enhanced Properties ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Nanoparticles are nanometer sized metallic oxides which possess enhanced properties that are desirable to a wide range of industries. In this study, we investigate structural and surface properties of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles in vacuum and water environments using molecular dynamics simulations. The particle sizes ranged from 2 to 6 nm and simulations were performed at 300 K. Surface energy of the particles in vacuum was seen to be higher than that of the particles in water by about 100% for the smaller particles (i.e. 2 and 3nm) and about 60% for the larger particles (i.e. 4 to 6 nm). Surface energy of the particles in both environments, is seen to increase to a maximum (optimum value) as the particle size increases after which no further significant increase is observed. In vacuum, studies carried out at temperatures ranging from 300–2500 K showed a high dependence of surface energy on temperature. The estimated surface tension of water is seen to agree quite well with that of experiments.

Precisely Controlling Assembly Angle of Surface Tension Powered Self-Assembly for MEMS Microstructures

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Lin Pan ◽  
Yi-Lin Yan ◽  
Bin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Solder Paste ◽  
Surface Evolver ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
The Relationship

How to integrate the microstructures which are made by various micro manufacturing methods into a functional system or device is the key to the application of MEMS technology. Solder self-assembly is based on surface tension with the properties of “self-organization”, low cost, batch processes and the compatibility with surface mount technology, which makes it be a challenging alternate technique. Solder self-assembly is based on the principle of surface energy minimization of molten solder material. During the process of minimizing the surface energy, surface tension can pull the horizontal hinged or hingeless plate up to a particular angle to achieve the minimal system energy. Finite element method is applied in this paper. MEMS self-assembly three-dimensional dynamic simulation model is developed by SURFACE EVOLVER. First, the model in this paper dynamically simulate the angle change of hinged plate during the process of evolvement of solder; second, the comparisons among the results from the current model and those from analytical two-dimensional model and three-dimensional static model are carried out; third, through Design of Experiments (DoE) with the application of the current model, the influences of design parameters such as pad size, pad geometry, and solder paste volume to the assembly angle are compared and discussed. Through changing the pad size, pad geometry and solder paste volume in SURFACE EVOLVER model, the corresponding final assembly angel from dynamic three-dimensional models are obtained. The relationship between design parameters to the assembly angle is concluded by the application of statistical analyses. The final angle can be controlled more effectively through synthetically optimize these parameters. It can provide effective guidance to the practical manufacturing of MEMS. Further research should focuses on the MEMS self-assembly experiment to intensively understand the relationship between the pad sizes, pad position, solder paste volume, hinge position, lock position and intermetallic compounds and the final assembly angle.

Durability of Coatings Based on Sol Silicate Paint

2019 ◽  
Vol 394 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Valentina Ivanovna Loganina ◽  
Yerkebulan Bisengalievich Mazhitov ◽  
Yuri Petrovich Skachkov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Intermolecular Interaction ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Hamaker Constant ◽  
Critical Surface ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Critical Surface Tension

The results of the study provide information on the resistance of coatings based on the solof silicate paint in the process of freezing and thawing. It was found, that coatings based on sol silicatepaints are characterized by a higher resistance compared of silicate coatings. It is shown, that thecoatings withstood 50 cycles of alternate freezing and thawing. The surface energy of the coatingswas calculated using the critical surface tension of the fluid at the interface with the solid. Thedispersion contribution in the intermolecular interaction between the particles of the coatings wasestimated. The values of the surface tension of the coatings and the values of the dispersioncomponent of the surface energy of the coatings — the complex Hamaker constant — are calculated.It was revealed, that after testing a decrease in the values of the Hamaker constant is observed. It wasestablished, that after testing for frost resistance, the values of the Hamaker constant for coatingsbased on sol of silicate paint are higher compared to coatings based on silicate paint.

scholarly journals III. On the variation of surface energy with temperature

1893 ◽  
Vol 53 (321-325) ◽  
pp. 150-151
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Close Analogy

It is shown that a close analogy exists between the equation for gases, pv = RT, and an equation expressing the relation of surface energy to temperature, γs = kt , where γ is surface tension; s , surface.

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