The role of type II FB (I):Tl+ defect in laser light generation and color image formation at the low coordination surface sites of AgBr: ab initio calculations

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Shalabi ◽  
A.S. Algaber ◽  
N.K. Madi ◽  
Kh.M. Eid ◽  
Z.M. Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio Calculations ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Formation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Surface Sites ◽  
Light Generation

The role of FA:K+ and FA:Na+ defects in laser light generation and color image formation at the (100) and (110) surface sites of AgCl and AgBr.

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Shalabi ◽  
I. A. Z. Al-Ansari ◽  
K. Kh. Al-Naimi ◽  
M. A. Kamel ◽  
A. M. El-Mahdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Light ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Formation ◽  
Surface Sites ◽  
Light Generation

THE ROLE OF OXIDATION STATES IN LASER LIGHT GENERATION AND COLOR IMAGE FORMATION (II) AN AB INITIO STUDY OF FA: Hg+ AND FA: Hg++ COLOR CENTERS AT THE LOW COORDINATION (100) AND (110) SURFACES OF AgBr CRYSTAL

2005 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 883-905
Author(s):  
A. S. SHALABI ◽  
Kh. M. EID
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Coordination Number ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Formation ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Color Centers ◽  
Light Generation

The oxidation states of mercury in F A : Hg+ and F A : Hg++ color centers at the low coordination (100) and (110) surfaces of AgBr play important roles in laser light generation and color image formation. Two simultaneous potentials at these surfaces were investigated by using quantum mechanical ab initio methods. Quantum clusters of variable sizes were embedded in the simulated Coulomb fields that closely approximate the Madelung fields of the host surfaces, and ions that were the nearest neighbors to the F A – defect site were allowed to relax to equilibrium. The calculated Stokes shifts suggest that laser light generation is sensitive to the simultaneous effects of the oxidation state of mercury, the coordination number of the surface ion, and the choice of the basis set centered on the anion vacancy. An attempt has been made to explain these effects in terms of Madelung potential, electron affinity and optical–optical conversion efficiency. All relaxed excited states of the defect-containing surfaces were deep below the lower edges of the conduction bands of the ground state defect-free surfaces, suggesting that the F A : Hg+ and F A : Hg++ centers are suitable laser defects. The dependence of the orientational destruction, recording sensitivity and exciton (energy) transfer on the oxidation state of mercury and the coordination number of the surface ion on is clarified. The Glasner–Tompkins empirical rule is generalized to include the oxidation state of the impurity cation and the coordination number of the surface ion. As far as color image formation is concerned, the supersensitizer was found to increase the sensitizing capabilities of two primary dyes in the excited states by increasing the relative yield of quantum efficiency. The Hg++ surfaces of AgBr are significantly more sensitive than the corresponding surfaces. On the basis of quasi Fermi levels, the difference in the sensitizing capabilities between the examined dyes in the excited states is determined.

scholarly journals Three-nucleon forces

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1430015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter U. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio Calculations ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Body Problem ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Nuclear Systems ◽  
The Difference

In this paper, the role of three-nucleon forces in ab initio calculations of nuclear systems is investigated. The difference between genuine and induced many-nucleon forces is emphasized. Induced forces arise in the process of solving the nuclear many-body problem as technical intermediaries toward calculationally converged results. Genuine forces make up the Hamiltonian. They represent the chosen underlying dynamics. The hierarchy of contributions arising from genuine two-, three- and many-nucleon forces is discussed. Signals for the need of the inclusion of genuine three-nucleon forces are studied in nuclear systems, technically best under control, especially in three-nucleon and four-nucleon systems. Genuine three-nucleon forces are important for details in the description of some observables. Their contributions to observables are small on the scale set by two-nucleon forces.

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