Developmental AMPA receptor subunit specificity during experience-driven synaptic plasticity in the rat barrel cortex

Theories of learning differ in whether they assume that learning reflects the strength of an association between memories or symbolic encoding of the statistical properties of events. We provide novel evidence for symbolic encoding of informational variables by demonstrating that sensitivity to time and number in learning is dissociable. Whereas responding in normal mice was dependent on reinforcement rate, responding in mice that lacked the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit was insensitive to reinforcement rate and, instead, dependent on the number of times a cue had been paired with reinforcement. This suggests that GluA1 is necessary for weighting numeric information by temporal information in order to calculate reinforcement rate. Sample sizes per genotype varied between seven and 23 across six experiments and consisted of both male and female mice. The results provide evidence for explicit encoding of variables by animals rather than implicit encoding via variations in associative strength.

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The mechanism of AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 in electroacupuncture treatment of acute spinal cord injury in rats

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147519 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147519

Author(s):

Wenci Chen ◽

Chuyong Lin ◽

Xiaofeng Wang ◽

Shixuan Chen ◽

Bin Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Ampa Receptor ◽

Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Receptor Subunit ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Ampa Receptor Subunit ◽

Electroacupuncture Treatment

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Q/R RNA editing of the AMPA receptor subunit 2 (GRIA2) transcript evolves no later than the appearance of cartilaginous fishes

FEBS Letters ◽

10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03183-0 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 509 (2) ◽

pp. 277-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Shieh-Shiuh Kung ◽

Yu-Chia Chen ◽

Wei-Hsiang Lin ◽

Chun-Chen Chen ◽

Wei-Yuan Chow

Keyword(s):

Rna Editing ◽

Ampa Receptor ◽

Receptor Subunit ◽

Ampa Receptor Subunit ◽

Cartilaginous Fishes

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Long-Lasting Alterations in Gene Expression of Postsynaptic Density 95 and Inotropic Glutamatergic Receptor Subunit in the Mesocorticolimbic System of Rat Offspring Born to Morphine-Addicted Mothers

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/5437092 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pei-Ling Wu ◽

Yung-Ning Yang ◽

Jau-Ling Suen ◽

Yu-Chen S. H. Yang ◽

Chun-Hwa Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Nmda Receptor ◽

Glutamate Receptor ◽

Ampa Receptor ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Postsynaptic Density ◽

Receptor Subunit ◽

Rat Offspring ◽

Ampa Receptor Subunit

Prenatal exposure to morphine causes altered glutamatergic neurotransmission, which plays an important pathophysiological role for neurobiological basis of opiate-mediated behaviors in such offspring. However, it is still not clear whether such alteration involves gene expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits. In this study, we further studied whether prenatal morphine exposure resulted in long-term changes in the gene expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and postsynaptic density 95 in the mesocorticolimbic area (an essential integration circuitry for drug craving behavior), nucleus accumbens (NAc), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and prefrontal cortex (PFC), of rat offspring from morphine-addicted mothers. Experimental results showed that prenatal morphine exposure led to a persistent downregulation of gene expression in the AMPA and NMDA receptor subunit, with a differential manner of decreased magnitudes, at the age of postnatal days 14 (P14) and P30. However, in PFC, the gene expression of the AMPA receptor subunit was not synchronized in observed rat offspring subjected to prenatal morphine exposure. An upregulation of gene expression in the AMPA receptor subunit 3 (GluR3) was persistently observed at P14 and P30. Furthermore, the gene expressions of PSD-95 in NAc, VTA, and PFC were all decreased concurrently. Collectively, the results suggest that prenatal exposure to morphine may initiate molecular mechanisms leading to a long-lasting, differential alteration in gene expression of the inotropic glutamate receptor subunit and PSD-95 in the mesocorticolimbic circuitry in rat offspring. This study raises a possibility in which differential changes in gene expression with a long-lasting manner may play a role for the development of nearly permanent changes in opiate-mediated behaviors, at least in part for the neurobiological pathogenesis in offspring.

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