Superoxide anion contributes to the induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) through activation of the MKK3/6-p38 MAPK cascade in rat microglia

2011 ◽  
Vol 1422 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihisa Yoshino ◽  
Shinichi Yamamoto ◽  
Shinichi Kohsaka ◽  
Satoru Oshiro ◽  
Kazuyuki Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Mapk Cascade ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Induces Neural Stem Cell Apoptosis Through Activating p38 MAPK Pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 3052-3062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-ning Chen ◽  
Fuxin Wei ◽  
Le Wang ◽  
Shangbin Cui ◽  
Yong Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Effects of Bupivacaine and Tetrodotoxin on Carrageenan-induced Hind Paw Inflammation in Rats (Part 2)

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Beloeil ◽  
Ru-Rong Ji ◽  
Charles B. Berde
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Mapk Activation ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Interleukin 1Beta ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background The authors previously showed that bupivacaine and tetrodotoxin via contralateral or ipsilateral sciatic block, but not systemically, attenuate local edema and hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan hind paw injection in rats. Bupivacaine, by all three routes, suppressed systemic cytokine activation, whereas tetrodotoxin was ineffective by all three routes. In the current study, the authors examined cytokine and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord after carrageenan paw injections and sciatic blocks with either bupivacaine or tetrodotoxin. Methods Ten groups of rats (n = 3-5) received injections in the following sites: right or left hind paw or right forepaw (carrageenan or saline) and left sciatic block (with epinephrine plus bupivacaine, tetrodotoxin, or saline; repeated 6 h later). Fifteen hours later, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, p38 MAPK, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in DRGs and in the spinal cord. Results Carrageenan-induced hind paw inflammation enhanced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta production in bilateral DRGs and spinal cord and enhanced p38 MAPK activation in bilateral DRGs. These pathways were not activated after forepaw injection of carrageenan, suggesting a segmental mechanism. Neither bupivacaine nor tetrodotoxin inhibited cytokine and p38 MAPK activation after carrageenan injection. Conclusion Ipsilateral or contralateral sciatic blockade using either bupivacaine or tetrodotoxin does not inhibit carrageenan-induced activation of cytokines and p-38 MAPK in spinal cord and DRGs. Possible explanations may include incomplete degrees of conduction blockade or afferent signaling via saphenous nerves.

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