scholarly journals Treadmill training improves motor skills and increases tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta in diabetic rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 1382 ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia S. do Nascimento ◽  
Gisele A. Lovatel ◽  
Sílvia Barbosa ◽  
Jocemar Ilha ◽  
Lígia A. Centenaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta

Resveratrol prevents akinesia and restores neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta of diabetic rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 1592 ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Brambilla Bagatini ◽  
Léder Leal Xavier ◽  
Laura Tartari Neves ◽  
Lisiani Saur ◽  
Sílvia Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta

scholarly journals Daily Subacute Paraquat Exposure Decreases Muscle Function and Substantia Nigra Dopamine Level

2013 ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. FAHIM ◽  
S. SHEHAB ◽  
A. NEMMAR ◽  
A. ADEM ◽  
S. DHANASEKARAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration

The use of the herbicide paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride; PQ) which is widely used in agriculture is known to cause dopaminergic neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are not fully understood. This present study investigated the behavioral manifestations, motor coordination, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration following exposure to PQ. Male rats were injected with PQ (10 mg/kg i.p.) daily for three weeks. Rotarod systems were used for measuring locomotor activity and motor coordination. The effects of PQ on dorsiflexor, electrophysiologically-induced muscle contraction were studied. Dopamine concentrations in the ventral mesencephalon were measured by high performance liquid chromatography and the number of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta was estimated by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. PQ induced difficulty in movement and significant reduction in motor activity and twitch tension at the dorsiflexor skeletal muscle. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons was significantly less in the substantia nigra pars compacta and nigral dopamine level was significantly reduced in PQ treated animals (20.4±3.4 pg/mg) when compared with control animals (55.0±2.4 pg/mg wet tissue). Daily treatment of PQ for three weeks induces selective dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and significant behavioral and peripheral motor deficit effects.

Toxic Equine Parkinsonism: An Immunohistochemical Study of 10 Horses With Nigropallidal Encephalomalacia

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Chang ◽  
W. K. Rumbeiha ◽  
J. S. Patterson ◽  
B. Puschner ◽  
A. P. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions

Chronic ingestion of yellow star thistle ( Centaurea solstitialis) or Russian knapweed ( Acroptilon repens) causes nigropallidal encephalomalacia (NPE) in horses with an abrupt onset of neurologic signs characterized by dystonia of lips and tongue, inability to prehend food, depression, and locomotor deficits. The objectives of this study were to reexamine the pathologic alterations of NPE and to conduct an immunohistochemistry study using antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase and α-synuclein, to determine whether NPE brains show histopathologic features resembling those in human Parkinson disease. Results confirm that the NPE lesions are located within the substantia nigra pars reticulata, sparing the cell bodies of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and in the rostral portion of the globus pallidus, with partial disruption of dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase–positive) fibers passing through the globus pallidus. No abnormal cytoplasmic inclusions like the Lewy bodies of human Parkinson disease were seen in these NPE brains. These findings indicate that equine NPE may serve as a large animal model of environmentally acquired toxic parkinsonism, with clinical phenotype directly attributable to lesions in globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata rather than to the destruction of dopaminergic neurons.

scholarly journals Neuronal activity regulates expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in adult mouse substantia nigra pars compacta neurons

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim D. Aumann ◽  
Kate Egan ◽  
Jamie Lim ◽  
Wah C. Boon ◽  
Chris R. Bye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta

scholarly journals Three-dimensional reconstruction of substantia nigra pars compacta of human brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Dmitriy N. Voronkov ◽  
Vladimir N. Salkov ◽  
Rudolf M. Khudoerkov
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Background. Up to the moment there is no universally accepted scheme of spatial organization of the groups of neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta of the human midbrain. A detailed study of the architectonics of this structure is necessary for pathomorphological analysis of agerelated changes in the nervous tissue and the associated neurodegenerative diseases with selective death of dopamine neurons. Aim. To clarify the peculiarities of the morphochemical organization of the substantia nigra (SN) of a human brain and to create a threedimensional model of pars compacta. Materials and Methods. Threedimensional reconstruction of substantia nigra pars compacta was performed on the brain autopsy material of individuals without neurological pathology (n=10, between 52 to 84 years of age) using a method of computed morphometry. Sections of the midbrain were stained by Nissl method and by an immunohistochemical method for localization of tyrosine hydroxylase – a marker of dopamine. Results. In the SN pars compacta accumulations of neurons were identified in the form of 9 bands oriented in the rostrocaudal direction and including four areas: medial, lateral, dorsal and ventral. Morphometric analysis detected significant differences in the density of neurons and in expression of tyrosine hydroxylase between the areas of SN. Conclusion. A model of cellular organization of SN pars compacta proposed by us on the basis of threedimensional reconstruction is characterized by a high degree of detalization as compared to similar works, and shows expressed spatial differentiation of the groups of neurons of SN which should be taken into consideration in pathomorphological examinations.

A simple and fast densitometric method for the analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta and in the ventral tegmental area

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léder Leal Xavier ◽  
Giordano Gubert Viola ◽  
Anete Curte Ferraz ◽  
Claudio Da Cunha ◽  
Janyana Marcela Doro Deonizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

scholarly journals Threedimensional reconstruction of substantia nigra pars compacta of human brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Dmitriy N. Voronkov ◽  
Vladimir N. Salkov ◽  
Rudolf M. Khudoerkov
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Selective Death ◽  
The Moment

Background. Up to the moment there is no universally accepted scheme of spatial organization of the groups of neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta of the human midbrain. A detailed study of the architectonics of this structure is necessary for pathomorphological analysis of agerelated changes in the nervous tissue and the associated neurodegenerative diseases with selective death of dopamine neurons. Aim. To clarify the peculiarities of the morphochemical organization of the substantia nigra (SN) of a human brain and to create a threedimensional model of pars compacta. Materials and Methods. Threedimensional reconstruction of substantia nigra pars compacta was performed on the brain autopsy material of individuals without neurological pathology (n=10, between 52 to 84 years of age) using a method of computed morphometry. Sections of the midbrain were stained by Nissl method and by an immunohistochemical method for localization of tyrosine hydroxylase – a marker of dopamine. Results. In the SN pars compacta accumulations of neurons were identified in the form of 9 bands oriented in the rostrocaudal direction and including four areas: medial, lateral, dorsal and ventral. Morphometric analysis detected significant differences in the density of neurons and in expression of tyrosine hydroxylase between the areas of SN. Conclusion. A model of cellular organization of SN pars compacta proposed by us on the basis of threedimensional reconstruction is characterized by a high degree of detalization as compared to similar works, and shows expressed spatial differentiation of the groups of neurons of SN which should be taken into consideration in pathomorphological examinations.

scholarly journals Paraquat Toxicogenetics: Strain-Related Reduction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Staining in Substantia Nigra in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Torres-Rojas ◽  
Wenyuan Zhao ◽  
Daming Zhuang ◽  
James P. O’Callaghan ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Genetic Modulation ◽  
Putative Risk Factor ◽  
Sporadic Parkinson’S Disease

Paraquat (PQ) is a putative risk factor for the development of sporadic Parkinson’s disease. To model a possible genetic basis for individual differences in susceptibility to exposure to PQ, we recently examined the effects of paraquat on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of six members of the BXD family of mice (n = 2–6 per strain). We injected males with 5 mg/kg paraquat weekly three times. The density of TH+ neurons counted by immunocytochemistry at 200x in eight or more sections through the SNc is reduced in five of the six strains relative to control (N = 4 ± 2 mice per strain). TH+ loss ranged from 0 to 20% with an SEM of 1%. The heritability was estimated using standard ANOVA and jackknife resampling and is 0.37 ± 0.05 in untreated animals and 0.47 ± 0.04 in treated animals. These results demonstrate genetic modulation and GxE variation in susceptibility to PQ exposure and the loss of TH staining in the substantia nigra.

scholarly journals Neurobiological Alterations Of The Substantia Nigra In Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lavezzi ◽  
Riffat Mehboob ◽  
Graziella Alfonsi ◽  
Stefano Ferrero
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sudden Infant

Abstract Background - The purpose of this study was to research possible morphological and functional alterations of the substantia nigra in SIDS. Methods - Brainstems of 46 victims of sudden infant death, aged from 1 to 7 months, were investigated. Twenty-six of these cases were diagnosed as SIDS, due to the lack of any pathological finding, while the remaining 20 cases, in which the cause of death was determined at autopsy, served as controls. Maternal smoking was reported in 10% of controls and 77% of SIDS. Histopathological examination of the substantia nigra was done on midbrain 5-µm-thick sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Klüver-Barrera. Densitometry, immunohistochemistry and histochemistry were applied to highlight the neuronal concentration, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and neuromelanin, respectively. Results - Hypoplasia of the pars compacta of the substantia nigra was observed in SIDS but not in controls. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra was significantly higher in controls than in SIDS. Neuromelanin was observed as dark granules only in 4 infants of the control group but never in SIDS. A significant correlation was found between hypoplasia/low neuronal density, low tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta and maternal smoking. Conclusion - The substantia nigra pars compacta, that is the main dopamine center in the brain, is involved in the control of many functions, including the sleep-arousal phase, and hence, its structural and/or functional alterations may explain the pathogenesis of SIDS, that often occurs during sleep. This study also indicates that maternal smoking can may have strongly influenced the SN altered development. Trial registration – not applicable for this study

scholarly journals Effects of Dopamine Denervation on Striatal Peptide Expression in Parkinsonian Monkeys

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (S3) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Lavoie ◽  
André Parent ◽  
Paul J. Bédard
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Peptide Expression ◽  
Mptp Toxicity

ABSTRACT:In cynomolgus monkeys rendered parkinsonian by systemic injection of MPTP, severe cell losses were noted in the ventrolateral portion of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), compared to a relative sparing of neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsomedial portion of SNc. Most spared neurons in the SNc-VTA complex were found to contain the calcium binding protein calbindin (CaBP). At striatal levels the dopaminergic (DA) innervation, as visualized by tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity, was markedly reduced in the ‘sensorimotor’ territory, variably affected in the ‘associative’ territory, and relatively well preserved in the ‘limbic’ territory. The immunoreactivity for enkephalin was enhanced and that for substance P was decreased in the sensorimotor territory, whereas the inverse was observed in the limbic territory. The distribution of the two peptides was highly heterogeneous in the associative territory. These findings suggest that the influence of the DA input on peptide expression varies from one striatal territory to the other, and that CaBP may protect midbrain DA neurons from MPTP toxicity.

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