Brain function during multi-trial learning in mild cognitive impairment: A PET activation study

2007 ◽  
Vol 1136 ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J.A. Moulin ◽  
Matti Laine ◽  
Juha O. Rinne ◽  
Valtteri Kaasinen ◽  
Hannu Sipilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Function

scholarly journals Depression, dementia and immune dysregulation

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Hayley ◽  
Antoine M Hakim ◽  
Paul R Albert
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Antidepressant Treatments ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Abstract Major depression is a prevalent illness that increases the risk of several neurological conditions. These include stroke, cardiovascular disease, and dementia including Alzheimer’s disease. In this review we ask whether certain types of depression and associated loneliness may be a harbinger of cognitive decline and possibly even dementia. We propose that chronic stress and inflammation combine to compromise vascular and brain function. The resulting increases in proinflammatory cytokines and microglial activation drive brain pathology leading to depression and mild cognitive impairment, which may progress to dementia. We present evidence that by treating the inflammatory changes, depression can be reversed in many cases. Importantly, there is evidence that anti-inflammatory and antidepressant treatments may reduce or prevent dementia in people with depression. Thus, we propose a model in which chronic stress and inflammation combine to increase brain permeability and cytokine production. This leads to microglial activation, white matter damage, neuronal and glial cell loss. This is first manifest as depression and mild cognitive impairment, but can eventually evolve into dementia. Further research may identify clinical subgroups with inflammatory depression at risk for dementia. It would then be possible to address in clinical trials whether effective treatment of the depression can delay the onset of dementia.

Awareness of memory deficits in subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola T. Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Clinical Phenomenon ◽  
Functional Problems ◽  
Clinical Disease Progression ◽  
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia

Anosognosia or reduced awareness of cognitive and functional problems is a known clinical phenomenon in patients experiencing cognitive decline. It is common even in mild dementia syndromes and is often reported to increase with clinical disease progression (Aalten et al., 2006). More recently it also has been described in older adults with cognitive-impairment-no-dementia (CIND) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (Greenop et al., 2011; Maki et al., 2012). The clinical significance of awareness is a topic of controversy in the literature and determining its biological correlates in brain function and structure is an ongoing challenge (Zamboni et al., 2013; Ford et al., 2014).

scholarly journals Functional connectivity in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schumacher ◽  
John-Paul Taylor ◽  
Calum A. Hamilton ◽  
Michael Firbank ◽  
Paul C. Donaghy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Dynamic Connectivity

AbstractPrevious resting-state fMRI studies in dementia with Lewy bodies have described changes in functional connectivity in networks related to cognition, motor function, and attention as well as alterations in connectivity dynamics. However, whether these changes occur early in the course of the disease and are already evident at the stage of mild cognitive impairment is not clear. We studied resting-state fMRI data from 31 patients with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies compared to 28 patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease and 24 age-matched controls. We compared the groups with respect to within- and between-network functional connectivity. Additionally, we applied two different approaches to study dynamic functional connectivity (sliding-window analysis and leading eigenvector dynamic analysis). We did not find any significant changes in the mild cognitive impairment groups compared to controls and no differences between the two mild cognitive impairment groups, using static as well as dynamic connectivity measures. While patients with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies already show clear functional abnormalities on EEG measures, the fMRI analyses presented here do not appear to be sensitive enough to detect such early and subtle changes in brain function in these patients.

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