Spontaneous recurrent seizure following status epilepticus enhances dentate gyrus neurogenesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Ho Cha ◽  
Cigdem Akman ◽  
Diosely C. Silveira ◽  
Xianzeng Liu ◽  
Gregory L. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Recurrent Seizure ◽  
Spontaneous Recurrent Seizure

The effect of electroacupuncture on spontaneous recurrent seizure and expression of GAD67 mRNA in dentate gyrus in a rat model of epilepsy

2008 ◽  
Vol 1188 ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Guo ◽  
Jianhua Liu ◽  
Wenbin Fu ◽  
Wentao Ma ◽  
Zhenhua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Recurrent Seizure ◽  
Spontaneous Recurrent Seizure

scholarly journals Enhanced Synaptic Connectivity in the Dentate Gyrus during Epileptiform Activity: Network Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keite Lira de Almeida França ◽  
Antônio-Carlos Guimarães de Almeida ◽  
Antonio Fernando Catelli Infantosi ◽  
Mario Antônio Duarte ◽  
Gilcélio Amaral da Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Structural Rearrangement ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Connectivity Pattern ◽  
Mossy Fibre ◽  
Compensation Theory

Structural rearrangement of the dentate gyrus has been described as the underlying cause of many types of epilepsies, particularly temporal lobe epilepsy. It is said to occur when aberrant connections are established in the damaged hippocampus, as described in human epilepsy and experimental models. Computer modelling of the dentate gyrus circuitry and the corresponding structural changes has been used to understand how abnormal mossy fibre sprouting can subserve seizure generation observed in experimental models when epileptogenesis is induced by status epilepticus. The model follows the McCulloch-Pitts formalism including the representation of the nonsynaptic mechanisms. The neuronal network comprised granule cells, mossy cells, and interneurons. The compensation theory and the Hebbian and anti-Hebbian rules were used to describe the structural rearrangement including the effects of the nonsynaptic mechanisms on the neuronal activity. The simulations were based on neuroanatomic data and on the connectivity pattern between the cells represented. The results suggest that there is a joint action of the compensation theory and Hebbian rules during the inflammatory process that accompanies the status epilepticus. The structural rearrangement simulated for the dentate gyrus circuitry promotes speculation about the formation of the abnormal mossy fiber sprouting and its role in epileptic seizures.

scholarly journals Sudden altered mental state in the elderly: nonconvulsive status epilepticus and the role of the Emergency Department

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Rocco Galimi
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Recurrent Seizure ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Altered Mental State ◽  
New Onset

In the elderly, new onset of epilepsy is often associated with vague complaints such as confusion, altered mental status, or memory problems. The absence of clinically apparent convulsions in association with an electroencephalogram showing continuous or recurrent seizure activity has been called nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). The purpose of this article is to describe the clinical and electroencephalographic features of NCSE in older adults. NCSE is an important, under-recognised and reversible cause of acute prolonged confusion. Although attempts have been made to define and classify this disorder, there is no universally accepted definition or classification yet that encompasses all subtypes or electroclinical scenarios. A urgent electroencephalogram is considered as the method of choice in the diagnostic evaluation of NCSE. Further researches are needed to better define NCSE.

Mossy Fiber–Granule Cell Synapses in the Normal and Epileptic Rat Dentate Gyrus Studied With Minimal Laser Photostimulation

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1883-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Molnár ◽  
J. Victor Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Granule Cell ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Small Component ◽  
Fiber Growth ◽  
And Control

Dentate granule cells become synaptically interconnected in the hippocampus of persons with temporal lobe epilepsy, forming a recurrent mossy fiber pathway. This pathway may contribute to the development and propagation of seizures. The physiology of mossy fiber–granule cell synapses is difficult to characterize unambiguously, because electrical stimulation may activate other pathways and because there is a low probability of granule cell interconnection. These problems were addressed by the use of scanning laser photostimulation in slices of the caudal hippocampal formation. Glutamate was released from a caged precursor with highly focused ultraviolet light to evoke action potentials in a small population of granule cells. Excitatory synaptic currents were recorded in the presence of bicuculline. Minimal laser photostimulation evoked an apparently unitary excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in 61% of granule cells from rats that had experienced pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus followed by recurrent mossy fiber growth. An EPSC was also evoked in 13–16% of granule cells from the control groups. EPSCs from status epilepticus and control groups had similar peak amplitudes (∼30 pA), 20–80% rise times (∼1.2 ms), decay time constants (∼10 ms), and half-widths (∼8 ms). The mean failure rate was high (∼70%) in both groups, and in both groups activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors contributed a small component to the EPSC. The strong similarity between responses from the status epilepticus and control groups suggests that they resulted from activation of a similar synaptic population. No EPSC was recorded when the laser beam was focused in the dentate hilus, suggesting that indirect activation of hilar mossy cells contributed little, if at all, to these results. Recurrent mossy fiber growth increases the density of mossy fiber–granule cell synapses in the caudal dentate gyrus by perhaps sixfold, but the new synapses appear to operate very similarly to preexisting mossy fiber–granule cell synapses.

scholarly journals Interleukin-1β increases neuronal death in the hippocampal dentate gyrus associated with status epilepticus in the developing rat

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 587-594
Author(s):  
C. Rincón-López ◽  
A. Tlapa-Pale ◽  
J.-S. Medel-Matus ◽  
J. Martínez-Quiroz ◽  
J.F. Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Developing Rat

Enhanced nonsynaptic epileptiform activity in the dentate gyrus after kainate-induced status epilepticus

Neuroscience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Nogueira ◽  
L.E.C. Santos ◽  
A.M. Rodrigues ◽  
C.A. Scorza ◽  
F.A. Scorza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Epileptiform Activity

scholarly journals IGF-1 receptor-mediated ERK/MAPK signaling couples status epilepticus to progenitor cell proliferation in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus

Glia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Sik Choi ◽  
Hee-Yeon Cho ◽  
Kari R. Hoyt ◽  
Janice R. Naegele ◽  
Karl Obrietan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Erk Mapk ◽  
Progenitor Cell Proliferation
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