scholarly journals Large-Scale Brain Network Dynamics Provide a Measure of Psychosis and Anxiety in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 881-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Zöller ◽  
Corrado Sandini ◽  
Fikret Işik Karahanoğlu ◽  
Maria Carmela Padula ◽  
Marie Schaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion

scholarly journals Large-scale brain network dynamics provide a measure of psychosis and anxiety in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Zöller ◽  
Corrado Sandini ◽  
Fikret Işik Karahanoğlu ◽  
Maria Carmela Padula ◽  
Marie Schaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Network Activation

AbstractProdromal positive psychotic symptoms and anxiety are two strong risk factors for schizophrenia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). The analysis of large-scale brain network dynamics during rest is promising to investigate aberrant brain function and identify potentially more reliable biomarkers. We retrieved and examined dynamics of large-scale functional brain networks using innovation-driven co-activation patterns (iCAPs) and probed into functional signatures of prodromal psychotic symptoms and anxiety. Patients with 22q11DS had shorter activation in cognitive brain networks and longer activation in emotion processing networks. Functional signatures of prodromal psychotic symptoms confirmed an implication of cingulo-prefrontal salience network activation duration and coupling. Functional signatures of anxiety un-covered an implication of amygdala activation and coupling, indicating differential roles of dorsal and ventral sub-divisions of anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortices. These results confirm that the dynamic nature of brain network activation contains essential function to develop clinically relevant imaging markers of psychosis vulnerability.

scholarly journals The social brain network in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a diffusion tensor imaging study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy K. Olszewski ◽  
Zora Kikinis ◽  
Christie S. Gonzalez ◽  
Ioana L. Coman ◽  
Nikolaos Makris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

scholarly journals In vivo evidence of microstructural hypo-connectivity of brain white matter in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Raven ◽  
Jelle Veraart ◽  
Rogier Kievit ◽  
Sila Genc ◽  
Isobel Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Genetic Syndrome ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Axonal Morphology

Abstract 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, or 22q11.2DS, is a genetic syndrome associated with high rates of schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, in addition to widespread structural and functional abnormalities throughout the brain. Experimental animal models have identified neuronal connectivity deficits, e.g., decreased axonal length and complexity of axonal branching, as a primary mechanism underlying atypical brain development in 22q11.2DS. However, it is still unclear whether deficits in axonal morphology can also be observed in people with 22q11.2DS. Here, we provide an unparalleled in vivo characterisation of white matter microstructure in both typically-developing children and children with 22q11.2DS using a dedicated magnetic resonance imaging scanner which is sensitive to axonal morphology. By extracting a rich array of diffusion metrics, we present microstructural profiles of typical and atypical white matter development, and provide new evidence of connectivity differences between typically-developing and 22q11.2DS children. A recent, large-scale consortium study identified higher diffusion anisotropy and reduced overall mobility of water as hallmark microstructural alterations of white matter in 22q11.2DS, in particular for commissural fibers. We observed similar findings across all white matter tracts in this study, in addition to identifying deficits in axonal morphology. This, in combination with reduced tract volume measurements, supports the hypothesis that microstructural connectivity in 22q11.2DS is mediated by densely packed axons with disproportionately small diameters. Our findings provide insight into the in vivo mechanistic features of 22q11.2DS, and promote further investigation of shared features in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Reciprocal Disruptions in Thalamic and Hippocampal Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Youth with 22q11.2 Deletions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Schleifer ◽  
Amy Lin ◽  
Leila Kushan ◽  
Jie Lisa Ji ◽  
Genevieve Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Type I ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion

ABSTRACT22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a recurrent copy number variant (CNV) with high penetrance for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Study of individuals with 22q11DS therefore may offer key insights into neural mechanisms underlying such complex illnesses. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies in idiopathic schizophrenia have consistently revealed disruption of thalamic and hippocampal circuitry. Here, we sought to test whether this circuitry is similarly disrupted in the context of this genetic high-risk condition. To this end, resting-state functional connectivity patterns were assessed in a sample of young men and women with 22q11DS (n=42) and demographically matched healthy controls (n=39). Neuroimaging data were acquired via single-band protocols, and analyzed in line with methods provided by the Human Connectome Project (HCP). We computed functional relationships between individual-specific anatomically-defined thalamic and hippocampal seeds and all gray matter voxels in the brain. Whole-brain type I error protection was achieved through nonparametric permutation-based methods. 22q11DS patients displayed reciprocal disruptions in thalamic and hippocampal functional connectivity relative to control subjects. Thalamo-cortical coupling was increased in sensorimotor cortex, and reduced across associative networks. The opposite effect was observed for the hippocampus in regards to sensory and associative network connectivity. The thalamic and hippocampal dysconnectivity observed in 22q11DS suggest that high genetic risk for psychiatric illness is linked with disruptions in large-scale cortico-subcortical networks underlying higher-order cognitive functions. These effects highlight the translational importance of large-effect CNVs for informing mechanisms underlying neural disruptions observed in idiopathic developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInvestigation of neuroimaging biomarkers in highly penetrant genetic syndromes represents a more biologically tractable approach to identify neural circuit disruptions underlying developmental neuropsychiatric conditions. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome confers particularly high risk for psychotic disorders, and is thus an important translational model in which to investigate systems-level mechanisms implicated in idiopathic illness. Here, we show resting-state fMRI evidence of large-scale sensory and executive network disruptions in youth with 22q11DS. In particular, this study provides the first evidence that these networks are disrupted in a reciprocal fashion with regard to the functional connectivity of the thalamus and hippocampus, suggesting circuit-level dysfunction.

scholarly journals Large-scale functional network reorganization in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome revealed by modularity analysis

Cortex ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 86-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Scariati ◽  
Marie Schaer ◽  
Isik Karahanoglu ◽  
Maude Schneider ◽  
Jonas Richiardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Modularity Analysis

scholarly journals Large-scale mapping of cortical alterations in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Convergence with idiopathic psychosis and effects of deletion size

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1822-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daqiang Sun ◽  
Christopher R. K. Ching ◽  
Amy Lin ◽  
Jennifer K. Forsyth ◽  
Leila Kushan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Deletion Size

Surgical Management of Patients With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-869
Author(s):  
Oksana A. Jackson ◽  
Alison E. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Surgical Decision ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Spine Abnormalities ◽  
Speech Assessment

Purpose The purpose of this tutorial was to describe the surgical management of palate-related abnormalities associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Craniofacial differences in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome may include overt or occult clefting of the palate and/or lip along with oropharyngeal variances that may lead to velopharyngeal dysfunction. This chapter will describe these circumstances, including incidence, diagnosis, and indications for surgical intervention. Speech assessment and imaging of the velopharyngeal system will be discussed as it relates to preoperative evaluation and surgical decision making. Important for patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is appropriate preoperative screening to assess for internal carotid artery positioning, cervical spine abnormalities, and obstructive sleep apnea. Timing of surgery as well as different techniques, common complications, and outcomes will also be discussed. Conclusion Management of velopharyngeal dysfunction in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is challenging and requires thoughtful preoperative assessment and planning as well as a careful surgical technique.

Psychosocial Risks and Management for Children and Adolescents With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canice E. Crerand ◽  
Ari N. Rabkin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Specific Education

Purpose This article reviews the psychosocial risks associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a relatively common genetic condition associated with a range of physical and psychiatric problems. Risks associated with developmental stages from infancy through adolescence and early adulthood are described, including developmental, learning, and intellectual disabilities as well as psychiatric disorders including anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders. Other risks related to coping with health problems and related treatments are also detailed for both affected individuals and their families. Conclusion The article ends with strategies for addressing psychosocial risks including provision of condition-specific education, enhancement of social support, routine assessment of cognitive abilities, regular mental health screening, and referrals for empirically supported psychiatric and psychological treatments.

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