scholarly journals Stability of Cortical Thinning in Persons at Increased Familial Risk for Major Depressive Disorder Across 8 Years

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejun Hao ◽  
Ardesheer Talati ◽  
Stewart A. Shankman ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Jürgen Kayser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cortical Thinning

scholarly journals DNA methylation of HPA-axis genes and the onset of major depressive disorder in adolescent girls: a prospective analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Humphreys ◽  
Sarah R. Moore ◽  
Elena Goetz Davis ◽  
Julie L. MacIsaac ◽  
David T. S. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
First Onset

Abstract The stress response system is disrupted in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as in those at elevated risk for developing MDD. We examined whether DNA methylation (DNAm) levels of CpG sites within HPA-axis genes predict the onset of MDD. Seventy-seven girls, approximately half (n = 37) of whom were at familial risk for MDD, were followed longitudinally. Saliva samples were taken in adolescence (M age = 13.06 years [SD = 1.52]) when participants had no current or past MDD diagnosis. Diagnostic interviews were administered approximately every 18 months until the first onset of MDD or early adulthood (M age of last follow-up = 19.23 years [SD = 2.69]). We quantified DNAm in saliva samples using the Illumina EPIC chip and examined CpG sites within six key HPA-axis genes (NR3C1, NR3C2, CRH, CRHR1, CRHR2, FKBP5) alongside 59 genotypes for tagging SNPs capturing cis genetic variability. DNAm levels within CpG sites in NR3C1, CRH, CRHR1, and CRHR2 were associated with risk for MDD across adolescence and young adulthood. To rule out the possibility that findings were merely due to the contribution of genetic variability, we re-analyzed the data controlling for cis genetic variation within these candidate genes. Importantly, methylation levels in these CpG sites continued to significantly predict the onset of MDD, suggesting that variation in the epigenome, independent of proximal genetic variants, prospectively predicts the onset of MDD. These findings suggest that variation in the HPA axis at the level of the methylome may predict the development of MDD.

scholarly journals Cortical Thickness in Individuals at High Familial Risk of Mood Disorders as They Develop Major Depressive Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Papmeyer ◽  
Stephen Giles ◽  
Jessica E. Sussmann ◽  
Shauna Kielty ◽  
Tiffany Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals Prospective longitudinal voxel-based morphometry study of major depressive disorder in young individuals at high familial risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 2351-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nickson ◽  
S. W. Y. Chan ◽  
M. Papmeyer ◽  
L. Romaniuk ◽  
A. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundPrevious neuroimaging studies indicate abnormalities in cortico-limbic circuitry in mood disorder. Here we employ prospective longitudinal voxel-based morphometry to examine the trajectory of these abnormalities during early stages of illness development.MethodUnaffected individuals (16–25 years) at high and low familial risk of mood disorder underwent structural brain imaging on two occasions 2 years apart. Further clinical assessment was conducted 2 years after the second scan (time 3). Clinical outcome data at time 3 was used to categorize individuals: (i) healthy controls (‘low risk’, n = 48); (ii) high-risk individuals who remained well (HR well, n = 53); and (iii) high-risk individuals who developed a major depressive disorder (HR MDD, n = 30). Groups were compared using longitudinal voxel-based morphometry. We also examined whether progress to illness was associated with changes in other potential risk markers (personality traits, symptoms scores and baseline measures of childhood trauma), and whether any changes in brain structure could be indexed using these measures.ResultsSignificant decreases in right amygdala grey matter were found in HR MDD v. controls (p = 0.001) and v. HR well (p = 0.005). This structural change was not related to measures of childhood trauma, symptom severity or measures of sub-diagnostic anxiety, neuroticism or extraversion, although cross-sectionally these measures significantly differentiated the groups at baseline.ConclusionsThese longitudinal findings implicate structural amygdala changes in the neurobiology of mood disorder. They also provide a potential biomarker for risk stratification capturing additional information beyond clinically ascertained measures.

Observed psychopathology in offspring of parents with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sandstrom ◽  
L. MacKenzie ◽  
A. Pizzo ◽  
A. Fine ◽  
S. Rempel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Major Depressive

AbstractBackgroundChildren of parents with mood and psychotic disorders are at elevated risk for a range of behavioral and emotional problems. However, as the usual reporter of psychopathology in children is the parent, reports of early problems in children of parents with mood and psychotic disorders may be biased by the parents' own experience of mental illness and their mental state.MethodsIndependent observers rated psychopathology using the Test Observation Form in 378 children and youth between the ages of 4 and 24 (mean = 11.01, s.d. = 4.40) who had a parent with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or no history of mood and psychotic disorders.ResultsObserved attentional problems were elevated in offspring of parents with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (effect sizes ranging between 0.31 and 0.56). Oppositional behavior and language/thought problems showed variable degrees of elevation (effect sizes 0.17 to 0.57) across the three high-risk groups, with the greatest difficulties observed in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Observed anxiety was increased in offspring of parents with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder (effect sizes 0.19 and 0.25 respectively) but not in offspring of parents with schizophrenia.ConclusionsOur results suggest that externalizing problems and cognitive and language difficulties may represent a general manifestation of familial risk for mood and psychotic disorders, while anxiety may be a specific marker of liability for mood disorders. Observer assessment may improve early identification of risk and selection of youth who may benefit from targeted prevention.

Regional cortical thinning in patients with major depressive disorder: A surface-based morphometry study

2012 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Chi Tu ◽  
Li-Fen Chen ◽  
Jen-Chuen Hsieh ◽  
Ya-Mai Bai ◽  
Cheng-Ta Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Surface Based Morphometry

scholarly journals Neural Markers of Resilience in Adolescent Females at Familial Risk for Major Depressive Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina S. Fischer ◽  
M. Catalina Camacho ◽  
Tiffany C. Ho ◽  
Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli ◽  
Ian H. Gotlib
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Neural Markers

scholarly journals Antecedents of New-Onset Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents at High Familial Risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Rice ◽  
Ruth Sellers ◽  
Gemma Hammerton ◽  
Olga Eyre ◽  
Rhys Bevan-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
New Onset
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