Nonequivalence of second virial coefficients from sedimentation equilibrium and static light scattering studies of protein solutions

2007 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Winzor ◽  
Marcin Deszczynski ◽  
Stephen E. Harding ◽  
Peter R. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Virial Coefficients ◽  
Static Light Scattering ◽  
Sedimentation Equilibrium ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Second Virial Coefficients

Solution Properties of Polybutadiene and trans-Polyisoprene Fractions

1963 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-501
Author(s):  
W. Cooper ◽  
D. E. Eaves ◽  
G. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Benzene Solution ◽  
Second Virial Coefficient ◽  
Virial Coefficients ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Branched Polymer ◽  
Butyl Lithium ◽  
Second Virial Coefficients ◽  
Molecular Weights

Abstract Linear polybutadienes, prepared with butyl lithium as catalyst, and polybutadienes branched by exposure to γ-radiation have been fractionated and the fractions examined by osmometry and light scattering. Turbidimetric second virial coefficients (A2τ) of mixed polymer fractions are virtually the same as those of the higher molecular weight components of the mixtures for most compositions. This is true both for mixtures of linear with linear and linear with branched polymer. The higher the molecular weight of the fraction, the greater the effect; the addition of 1 per cent microgel to a linear polymer reduced A2τ by a factor of three. The presence of microgel or high molecular weight branched polymer has been shown to be responsible for the very high molecular weights previously reported for polybutadienes from light scattering measurements. It is conveniently removed by shaking the solutions with calcium sulfate. Second virial coefficients obtained either by light scattering or osmometry are, within the limits of experimental error, uninfluenced by branching in the polymer. In general those factors which lead to increased branching also result in increased polydispersity, and it is the latter which results in the decrease in A2τ. The fall of the osmotic second virial coefficient (A2τ) with molecular weight is much smaller than would be calculated theoretically, and the fall in A2τ is greater than would be expected, notwithstanding the fact that for some of the fractions Mw/Mn<1.1. This indicates that A2τ is sensitive to the low molecular weight species present in the fractions, whereas the reverse must apply to A2τ. Natural or synthetic trans-polyisoprene showed analogous behavior to polybutadiene, although, owing to experimental difficulties, sharp branched fractions could not be obtained. The following viscosity-molecular weight relationships were obtained in benzene solution: [η]=1.45×10−4M0.76 for butyl lithium-catalyzed polybutadienes, and [η]=4.37×10−4M0.65 for natural and synthetic trans-polyisoprenes.

Etude de propriétés hydrodynamiques de solutions de polymères en mauvais solvants

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nga Ho-Duc ◽  
H. Daoust ◽  
F. Blssonnette
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Virial Coefficients ◽  
Second Virial Coefficients ◽  
Θ Point

Sedimentation coefficients (ultracentrifuge), second virial coefficients (light scattering) and intrinsic viscosities have been measured at various concentrations near the θ-point for solutions of polystyrene in cyclohexane and of polyisobutylene in ethyl heptanoate. The results have been analyzed in the light of several current theories, but are correlated satisfactorily only by the theory of Pyun and Fixman.

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