scholarly journals Crack propagation in bone on the scale of mineralized collagen fibrils: role of polymers with sacrificial bonds and hidden length

Bone ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyi Wang ◽  
Ahmed Elbanna
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

Failure of mineralized collagen fibrils: Modeling the role of collagen cross-linking

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1427-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Siegmund ◽  
Matthew R. Allen ◽  
David B. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Collagen Cross Linking ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

scholarly journals Microstructural and geometric influences in the protective scales of Atractosteus spatula

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (125) ◽  
pp. 20160595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent R. Sherman ◽  
Nicholas A. Yaraghi ◽  
David Kisailus ◽  
Marc A. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Weak Interface ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Layer Mineral ◽  
Atractosteus Spatula ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

Atractosteus spatula has been described as a living fossil (having existed for 100 Myr), retaining morphological characteristics of early ancestors such as the ability to breathe air and survive above water for hours. Its highly effective armour consists of ganoid scales. We analyse the protective function of the scales and identify key features which lead to their resistance to failure. Microstructural features include: a twisted cross-plied mineral arrangement that inhibits crack propagation in the external ganoine layer, mineral crystals that deflect cracks in the bony region in order to activate the strength of mineralized collagen fibrils, and saw-tooth ridges along the interface between the two scale layers which direct cracks away from the intrinsically weak interface. The macroscale geometry is additionally evaluated and it is shown that the scales retain full coverage in spite of minimal overlap between adjacent scales while conforming to physiologically required strain and maintaining flexibility via a process in which adjacent rows of scales slide and concurrently reorient.

Scanning electron microscopic study of collagen fibrillogenesis and extracellular compartmentalization in the chick embryo tendon

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Grace C.H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
And Function

The size and organization of collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix is an important determinant of tissue structure and function. The synthesis and deposition of collagen involves multiple steps which begin within the cell and continue in the extracellular space. High-voltage electron microscopic studies of the chick embryo cornea and tendon suggested that the extracellular space is compartmentalized by the fibroblasts for the regulation of collagen fibril, bundle, and tissue specific macroaggregate formation. The purpose of this study is to gather direct evidence regarding the association of the fibroblast cell surface with newly formed collagen fibrils, and to define the role of the fibroblast in the control and the precise positioning of collagen fibrils, bundles, and macroaggregates during chick tendon development.

scholarly journals Molecular origin of viscoelasticity in mineralized collagen fibrils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Milazzo ◽  
Alessio David ◽  
Gang Seob Jung ◽  
Serena Danti ◽  
Markus J. Buehler
Keyword(s):  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Mineralized Tissue ◽  
Molecular Origin ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

Bone is mineralized tissue constituting the skeletal system, supporting and protecting body organs and tissues. In addition to such fundamental mechanical functions, bone also plays a remarkable role in sound...

Changes in collagen ultrastructure, macroscopic properties and chemical composition of chick embryo cartilage induced by administration of a β-D-xyloside

Development ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-202
Author(s):  
J. T. Hjelle ◽  
K. D. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Interstitial Space ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Embryonic Cartilage ◽  
Almost All

Nine-day chick embryos were injected with a β-xyloside and their sternal cartilage was examined 3 days and a week later. Sterna from 16-day embryos showed a reduction in size as compared to controls, with little or no change in the fraction of extracellular space, and a significant decrease in tensile strength. At the ultrastructural level, collagen fibrils in control sterna were dispersed evenly in the interstitial space, with few contacts between adjacent fibrils. In sterna from treated embryos, almost all collagen fibrils were aggregated into clumps and arrays throughout the interstitial space, with fibril-free areas in between. No abnormalities could be detected in the morphology of individual fibrils or in the ultrastructure of the chondrocytes. The changes in spatial distribution of collagen were fully evident 3 days after drug administration. The hydroxyproline/DNA ratio was the same in control and treated sterna, and no changewas observed in the type of collagen. The uronic acid/DNA ratio was reduced by 14% 3 days after drug administration and by 40% after a week. The degree of sulfation of chondroitin sulfate was reduced from 80% in control sterna to 40% in treated sterna; almost allof this chondroitin sulfate was attached to peptide and the sedimentation pattern of the proteoglycan resembled that of normal cartilage proteoglycan. The function of chondroitin sulfate in embryonic cartilage is discussed in terms of our results and others. It is suggested that a major physiological role of the proteoglycan is to control the spatial distribution of collagen fibrils as they assemble to form a cross-linked gel.

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