Long term effects of normal calcium–high fat diets on body composition and bone mass, in rats

Bone ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. S157
Author(s):  
E. Hernández ◽  
C. Suarez ◽  
A. Ferreira Monteiro ◽  
P. Rodriguez ◽  
M. Gonzáles-Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Normal Calcium

scholarly journals Adult offspring of high-fat diet-fed dams can have normal glucose tolerance and body composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Platt ◽  
R. J. Charnigo ◽  
K. J. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Fat Diets

Maternal high-fat diet consumption and obesity have been shown to program long-term obesity and lead to impaired glucose tolerance in offspring. Many rodent studies, however, use non-purified, cereal-based diets as the control for purified high-fat diets. In this study, primiparous ICR mice were fed purified control diet (10–11 kcal% from fat of lard or butter origin) and lard (45 or 60 kcal% fat) or butter (32 or 60 kcal% fat)-based high-fat diets for 4 weeks before mating, throughout pregnancy, and for 2 weeks of nursing. Before mating, female mice fed the 32 and 60% butter-based high-fat diets exhibited impaired glucose tolerance but those females fed the lard-based diets showed normal glucose disposal following a glucose challenge. High-fat diet consumption by female mice of all groups decreased lean to fat mass ratios during the 4th week of diet treatment compared with those mice consuming the 10–11% fat diets. All females were bred to male mice and pregnancy and offspring outcomes were monitored. The body weight of pups born to 45% lard-fed dams was significantly increased before weaning, but only female offspring born to 32% butter-fed dams exhibited long-term body weight increases. Offspring glucose tolerance and body composition were measured for at least 1 year. Minimal, if any, differences were observed in the offspring parameters. These results suggest that many variables should be considered when designing future high-fat diet feeding and maternal obesity studies in mice.

Long-term effects of high-fat diets on peroxisomal β-oxidation in male and female rats

Lipids ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Thomassen ◽  
J. Norseth ◽  
E. N. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Very low-carbohydrate high-fat diets are superior to low-fat diets in improving cardiovascular markers: meta-analysis of large, long-term randomised controlled trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teuta Gjuladin-Hellon ◽  
Ian Davies ◽  
Jackie Fealey ◽  
Alexander Montasem ◽  
Katie Lane
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractOur recent study (1) showed that the amount of dietary carbohydrates in obesity interventions has differential effects on cardiovascular risk markers (CVM) and effects magnitude depends on intervention duration. Very-low carbohydrate high-fat diets (VLCD) were superior in ameliorating lipid markers compared to high-carbohydrate low-fat diets (LFD).We updated our systematic review and meta-analysis to include long-term effects of VLCD (< 50 g /day) on weight, glucose, total cholesterol, insulin and blood pressure (BP) among overweight/obese adults in comparison to LFD.Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and CINAHLPlus were searched to identify large (n > 100) randomised controlled trials (RCT) with duration ≥ 6 months. Risk of bias, a random effects model and subgroup analyses based on duration of follow-up were performed using Review Manager. Results were reported according to PRISMA.Four open label RCT (n = 723; 362 VLCD; 361 LFD) with some form of behavioral intervention and duration 6–24 months were identified. VLCD showed more favorable effects on diastolic BP at 6 months (-1.96; 95%CI, -2.99 to 00.93; P = 0.0002) and 24 months (-2.69; 95%CI, -4.87 to -0.51; P = 0.001), near significant level at 12 months (-1.79; 95%CI, -3.56 to 0.04; P = 0.05) and an overall total favourable effect (-1.98; 95%CI, -2.73 to -1.22). The decrease in systolic BP was greater among VLCD for the whole period and the overall total effect reached the level of significance (-1.76; 95%CI, -3.56 to 0.04; P = 0.05). VLCD showed beneficial effect on total cholesterol level at 6 and 12 months (-0.01 mmol/L; 95%CI, -0.01 to –0.00; P = 0.002 and -0.01 mmol/L; 95%CI, -0.01 to –0.00; P = 0.005, respectively). The mean changes in weight, and fasting glucose and insulin levels revealed non-significant differences between both diets at any measured time, although these parameters decreased within both groups compared to baseline.VLCD led to significant total weighted mean decrease of diastolic BP and near significant decrease of systolic BP independent of changes in body weight, fasting glucose or insulin levels. The present data on decreased levels of diastolic BP and total cholesterol, combined with our recently published results on increased HDL-cholesterol, decreased triglycerides and no significant effect on LDL-cholesterol (1) provide evidence that VLCD are superior to LFD in improving traditional CVM in longer term.

scholarly journals Prebiotics Must Achieve a Threshold of Increase in Gut Probiotic Bacteria to Impart Beneficial Health Effects on the Host

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1544-1544
Author(s):  
Breann Abernathy ◽  
Tonya Schoenfuss ◽  
Allison Bailey ◽  
Daniel Gallaher
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract Objectives Prebiotic dietary fibers are dietary fibers that] are highly fermented in the large intestine, produce beneficial changes in the gut microbiome, and impart a health benefit to the host. Using reactive extrusion, we have synthesized a novel dietary fiber that is an oligosaccharide of polymerized lactose, which we term polylactose. Here we report on two studies feeding polylactose to rats to determine its prebiotic potential. Methods In Exp. 1, the polylactose preparation contained 51% dietary fiber, 20% free lactose, 5% glucose, and 24% other materials. Rats were fed high fat diets containing 9% total dietary fiber, including cellulose (control, CE, 9%), polylactose (PL, 6%), polydextrose (PD, 6%), and fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 6%). In Exp. 2, the polylactose preparation contained 75% dietary fiber, 9% lactose, 3% glucose, and 13% other materials. Rats were again fed high fat diets containing 9% total dietary fiber, including CE (9%), polylactose (6% or 3%), PD (6%), and galactooligosaccharide (GOS, 6%). In both experiments, rats were fed for 10 weeks, then cecums (empty), cecal contents, livers, and epididymal fat pads were collected. In addition, body composition was determined by MRI. Results In both experiments, final body weight and daily energy intake did not differ among the groups. In Exp. 1, feeding PL greatly increased cecum weight (an indicator of fermentation), cecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species abundance, increased cecal acetate and propionate, and reduced liver lipids and fat pad weight, compared to the CE group. While PD and FOS increased probiotic species and short chain fatty acids slightly (compared to CE), this was not to the same extent as PL and did not reduce fatty liver and adiposity. In Exp. 2, 6% PL increased cecum weight relative to 3% PF, PD and GOS, all of which were greater than CE. The cecal microbiome was similar among PL (both 3 and 6%), PD, and GOS, all of which differed from CE and were similar to PD and FOS from Exp. 1. Liver lipids, fat pad weight, and body composition did not differ among any of the groups. Conclusions The prebiotic activity of polylactose differed depending on the preparation, for unknown reasons. However, our results suggest there is a threshold of probiotic bacteria abundance that must be attained before beneficial effects are imparted on the host by prebiotics. Funding Sources Midwest Dairy Association.

scholarly journals Dietary modulation of body composition and insulin sensitivity during catch-up growth in rats: effects of oils rich in n-6 or n-3 PUFA

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1750-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayathri Yepuri ◽  
Helena Marcelino ◽  
Yasaman Shahkhalili ◽  
Olivier Aprikian ◽  
Katherine Macé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Impact

The present study investigates whether excessive fat accumulation and hyperinsulinaemia during catch-up growth on high-fat diets are altered by n-6 and n-3 PUFA derived from oils rich in either linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA) or DHA. It has been shown that, compared with food-restricted rats refed a high-fat (lard) diet low in PUFA, those refed isoenergetically on diets enriched in LA or ALA, independently of the n-6:n-3 ratio, show improved insulin sensitivity, lower fat mass and higher lean mass, the magnitude of which is related to the proportion of total PUFA precursors (LA+ALA) consumed. These relationships are best fitted by quadratic regression models (r2>0·8, P < 0·001), with threshold values for an impact on body composition corresponding to PUFA precursors contributing 25–30 % of energy intake. Isoenergetic refeeding on high-fat diets enriched in AA or DHA also led to improved body composition, with increases in lean mass as predicted by the quadratic model for PUFA precursors, but decreases in fat mass, which are disproportionately greater than predicted values; insulin sensitivity, however, was not improved. These findings pertaining to the impact of dietary intake of PUFA precursors (LA and ALA) and their elongated–desaturated products (AA and DHA), on body composition and insulin sensitivity, provide important insights into the search for diets aimed at counteracting the pathophysiological consequences of catch-up growth. In particular, diets enriched in essential fatty acids (LA and/or ALA) markedly improve insulin sensitivity and composition of weight regained, independently of the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio.

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