scholarly journals Measurements of mobile and bound water by nuclear magnetic resonance correlate with mechanical properties of bone

Bone ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffry S. Nyman ◽  
Qingwen Ni ◽  
Daniel P. Nicolella ◽  
Xiaodu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

scholarly journals Permeability Calculation of Sand Conglomerate Reservoirs Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Geofluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
You Zhou ◽  
Songtao Wu ◽  
Zhiping Li ◽  
Rukai Zhu ◽  
Shuyun Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Junggar Basin ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Iteration Parameters ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

The concept of an intermingled fractal unit (IFU) model was first proposed by Atzeni and Pia in 2008, and their model has since been successfully applied to predict thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and the mechanical properties of porous media materials. This paper, based on the Pia IFU model, fits the pore size distribution spectrum to quantitatively characterize the Triassic Karamay Formation conglomerate reservoirs in the Mahu region, in the Junggar Basin of Northwest China, and makes permeability predictions using the free fluid T 2 spectrum according to the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimental data. The results show that the accuracy of the IFU model is significantly higher than that of the classic Coates and SDR models for conglomerate reservoirs with complex pore structures, indicating that this is an effective method to calculate permeability based on NMR. In addition, preliminary discussions are entered into regarding the intermingled fractal expression of the Kozeny-Carman equation and the relative permeability, in order to widen the application of the IFU model in reservoir physics. The derived expressions appear complicated in form but are straightforward to calculate and apply using computer programming since their iteration parameters are definite. The findings set out in this paper provide a valuable reference for further research of the IFU model in reservoir physics.

Water migration in poplar wood during microwave drying studied by time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR)

Holzforschung ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Li ◽  
Yulei Gao ◽  
Minghui Zhang ◽  
Ximing Wang ◽  
Xinyue Wei
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

AbstractThe migration of bound water and free water has been investigated during microwave drying of wood by the time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) technique. Both the heartwood (hW) and sapwood (sW) of Beijing poplar (Populus beijingensisW. Y. Hsu) and Qingpi poplar (Populus platyphyllaT. Y. Sun) were studied. The microwave drying is characterized by a fast drying rate, and there is a linear relation between moisture content (MC) and microwave drying time (t). The drying rate of free water is about 2.7 times more rapid than that of bound water. The spin-spin relaxation time (T2) revealed that most of the water was free water situated in smaller pores. The irregular T2 signal amplitudes of free water in hWs indicated that fractional water in smaller pores was transferred into bigger pores during drying.

Synthesis, characterization, crystallinity, mechanical properties, and shape memory behavior of polyurethane/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1662-1675
Author(s):  
Maryam Jalili Marand ◽  
Mostafa Rezaei ◽  
Amin Babaie ◽  
Reza Lotfi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Opening Method ◽  
Polymerization Method ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Herein, polycaprolactone diols with diverse molecular weights were synthesized by ring-opening method. Then, polyurethanes were synthesized through two-step pre-polymerization method by polyaddition of hydroxyl and –NCO groups. Afterward, a set of polyurethanes/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites were synthesized through solution casting as well as in situ polycondensation methods. The exact nominal molecular weights of the synthesized polycaprolactones were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance). Hydrogen bonding index of ester and urethane carbonyl groups (HBI(C = O)) of samples was determined through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that the incorporating of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles has reduced HBI(C = O). X-ray diffraction patterns and differential scanning calorimetry thermographs confirmed the barrierity and nucleation performance of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, and the variation of phase mixing degree of polyurethane’s hard and soft segments has altered the crystals size and degree of crystalline in polyurethane/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites. Field emission scanning electron microscope images showed that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have been uniformly dispersed through in situ polymerization method. Mechanical properties were studied in the terms of HBI(C = O), hydroxyapatite nanoparticles content, and degree of crystallinity. Two different programming procedures were used to evaluate shape fixity and recovery ratios of samples at room temperature and 60°C.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging While Drilling in Complex Lithology – Solution for a Glauconitic Sandstone Reservoir

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abouzaid ◽  
Holger Thern ◽  
Mohamed Said ◽  
Mohammad ElSaqqa ◽  
Mohamed Elbastawesy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Accessory Minerals ◽  
Formation Evaluation ◽  
Rock Quality ◽  
Logging While Drilling ◽  
Bahariya Formation ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

ABSTRACT The evaluation of logging data in shaly sand reservoirs can be a challenging task, particularly in the presence of accessory minerals such as glauconite. Accessory minerals affect the measurements of conventional logging tools, thus, introducing large uncertainties for estimated petrophysical properties and reservoir characterization. The application of traditional Gamma Ray and Density-Neutron crossover methods can become unreliable even for the simple objective of differentiating reservoir from non-reservoir zones. This was the situation for many years in the glauconite-rich Upper Bahariya formation, Western Desert, Egypt. Formation evaluation was challenging and the results often questionable. Adding Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Logging While Drilling (LWD) data in three wells changed the situation radically. The NMR data unambiguously indicate pay zones and simplify the interpretation for accurate porosity and fluid saturation dramatically. Key to success is NMR total porosity being unaffected by the presence of accessory minerals. NMR moveable fluid directly points to the pay zones in the reservoir, while clay-bound and capillary-bound water volumes reflect variations in rock quality and lithology. Although the NMR total porosity is lithology independent, the presence of glauconite affects the NMR T2 distribution by shifting the water T2 response to shorter T2 times. This requires an adjustment of the T2 cutoff position for separating bound water from movable hydrocarbons. A varying T2 cutoff was computed by comparing NMR bound water to resistivity-based water saturation. The calibrated T2 cutoff exhibits an increase with depth indicating a decreasing amount of glauconite with depth throughout the Upper Bahariya formation. Based on these volumetrics, an improved NMR permeability log was calculated, now accurately delineating variations in rock quality throughout the different pay zones. In addition, viscosity was estimated from the oil NMR signal. The estimated values match the expected values very well and illustrate the potential of NMR to indicate viscosity variations. Many of these results are available today already in real-time by transmitting NMR T2 distributions to surface while drilling. Besides the application for formation evaluation, the data can be used to initiate optimized side-tracking and completion decisions directly after finishing the drilling operations.

Measurement of bound water in an aqueous DNA solution using nuclear magnetic resonance and time domain reflectometry

1992 ◽  
Vol 96 (25) ◽  
pp. 10087-10089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Fukuzaki ◽  
Toshihiro Umehara ◽  
Daisaku Kurita ◽  
Sumie Shioya ◽  
Munetaka Haida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Quantitative Separation of NMR Signal Amplitude of Water in Wood on the Basis of T2

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 552-557
Author(s):  
Da Yan Ma ◽  
Xi Ming Wang ◽  
Ming Hui Zhang ◽  
Xue Qi Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrograph ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

As a kind of crude and green material, wood is essential to human life. Meanwhile, the amount of water played a vital role to almost all engineering properties of wood. Moisture affects dimensional stability, physical and mechanical properties, and susceptibility toward biological degradation. Consequently, it provides a theoretical basis for the reasonable drying model to explore the water assignment and content in timber. we present here the application of a nuclear magnetic resonance technique, which is used to quantitatively analyse water distribution in wood on the basis of T2. In this paper, we will analyse the water distribution in hardwood on the basis of T2. Refer to the scanning electron micrographs of the hardwood, we can speculate the relaxation time of the water in different cell lumens respectively. Moreover, it is even more important to calculate the organic proportion in wood by the corresponding amplitude of signal derived from the water in different cell lumens. This, compared with a scanning electron micrograph, has allowed us to produce a assumable distribution of water in wood, even the corresponding organic proportion in wood, which allows us to speculate physical and mechanical properties of wood. A mobile NMR probe has been used as a non-destructive and non-invasive tool for water content analysis on wood samples. In this paper, we will adopt NMR methods to explain. This, has opened up a way for the accurate determination of the moisture content of wood, even can be applied to the areas of food and so on. Keywords: Nuclear magnetic resonance; Water distribution in wood; T2; Scanning electron micrograph; Water content

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