Changes of bone quality of cortical bone formed under alendronate treatment were detected by microbeam X-ray diffraction analysis

Bone ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
M. Kashii ◽  
J. Hashimoto ◽  
T. Nakano ◽  
Y. Umakoshi ◽  
H. Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alendronate Treatment

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction analysis of kaolin M1 and M2 via the Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982098472
Author(s):  
Lalmi Khier ◽  
Lakel Abdelghani ◽  
Belahssen Okba ◽  
Djamel Maouche ◽  
Lakel Said
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Integral Breadth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mullite Phase

Kaolin M1 and M2 studied by X-ray diffraction focus on the mullite phase, which is the main phase present in both products. The Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods for determining the crystallite size and microstrains of integral breadth β are calculated by the FullProf program. The integral breadth ( β) is a mixture resulting from the microstrains and size effect, so this should be taken into account during the calculation. The Williamson–Hall chart determines whether the sample is affected by grain size or microstrain. It appears very clearly that the principal phase of the various sintered kaolins, mullite, is free from internal microstrains. It is the case of the mixtures fritted at low temperature (1200 °C) during 1 h and also the case of the mixtures of the type chamotte cooks with 1350 °C during very long times (several weeks). This result is very significant as it gives an element of explanation to a very significant quality of mullite: its mechanical resistance during uses at high temperature remains.

Application of the Modified Snyder's Program for the Data Processing of an Automated X-Ray Powder Diffractometer

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
G. Platbrood ◽  
J. M. Quitin ◽  
H. Barten
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Diffractometer ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Time

X-ray diffraction analysis is an excellent analytical tool. But if a certain quality of the results is needed or if solutions of analytical problems are to be obtained in a short time period, the X-ray diffractometer must be automated and the spectra reduced with dedicated algorithms.In LABORELEC, three programs are principally used to solve the problems encountered in the X-ray diffraction analysis: a modified program given by R. L. Snyder; the search/match G. G. Johnson program (last version); and the POWD5 program.

scholarly journals History and Prospects for the Application of X-Ray Diffraction Analysis in Seed Breeding and Seed Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
F. B. Musaev ◽  
S. L. Beletskiy
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
National Standard ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Normal Seed ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Small Density ◽  
Russian Research

Introduction. X-ray analysis has been applied for visualizing the internal structure of various objects for over 100 years. However, this method began to be used for assessing the quality of plant seeds only in the early 1980s. The main impediment was a lack of specialized instruments, particularly X-ray sources, that could provide informative images. Advancements in the field of microfocus radiography allowed significant results to be achieved, including the preparation of the National Standard GOST R 596032021 "Agricultural Seeds. Methods of digital radiography".Aim. An analytical review of Russian research studies in the field of X-ray diffraction analysis of plant seeds.Materials and methods. Key stages in the development of microfocus X-ray diffraction analysis of seeds and individual parts of plants for agricultural and other purposes are considered. The design of instruments, including digital ones, created for the implementation of the method are described.Results. In order to obtain informative X-ray diffraction images of plant seeds, which objects are generally characterized by small sizes and small density, the focal spot of the X-ray tube should not exceed several tens of microns under the voltage of not higher than several tens of kilovolts. As a system for visualizing a latent X-ray image, it is preferable to use image receivers based on a screen with a photostimulated phosphor or flat-panel solid-state X-ray detectors. These instruments have been successfully used to identify and describe the radiographic signs of a normal seed and nine main types of defects for 600 plant species.Conclusion. In comparison with the conventional contact radiography, microfocus radiography produces X-ray images of seeds with a projection magnification of the image up to several tens of times. Such images permit highly detailed visualization of the structure of seeds that differ slightly in density.

Ten-Vertex Polyhedral Monocarbaborane Chemistry. The Novel High-Yield Formation of the Ten-Vertex closo Compound [6-(PMe2Ph)-closo-1-CB9H9] from the Thermolysis of [8,8-(PMe2Ph)2-nido-8,7-PtCB9H11]

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2924-2935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane H. Jones ◽  
Bohumil Štíbr ◽  
John D. Kennedy ◽  
Mark Thornton-Pett
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Centre ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Boiling Toluene

Thermolysis of [8,8-(PMe2Ph)2-nido-8,7-PtCB9H11] in boiling toluene solution results in an elimination of the platinum centre and cluster closure to give the ten-vertex closo species [6-(PMe2Ph)-closo-1-CB9H9] in 85% yield as a colourles air stable solid. The product is characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystals (from hexane-dichloromethane) are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 903.20(9), b = 1 481.86(11), c = 2 320.0(2) pm, β = 97.860(7)° and Z = 8, and the structure has been refined to R(Rw) = 0.045(0.051) for 3 281 observed reflections with Fo > 2.0σ(Fo). The clean high-yield elimination of a metal centre from a polyhedral metallaborane or metallaheteroborane species is very rare.

Bis(μ-carboxylato)dienerhodium(I) Complexes - Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1205-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Zedník ◽  
Jan Sedláček ◽  
Jan Svoboda ◽  
Jiří Vohlídal ◽  
Dmitrij Bondarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Dinuclear rhodium(I) η2:η2-cycloocta-1,5-diene (series a) and η2:η2-norborna-2,5-diene (series b) complexes with μ-RCOO- ligands, where R is linear C21H43 (complexes 1a, 1b), CH2CMe3 (2a, 2b), 1-adamantyl (3a, 3b) and benzyl (4a, 4b), have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Structures of complexes 2b, 3a and 4a were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes prepared show low to moderate catalytic activity in polymerization of phenylacetylene in THF giving high-cis-transoid polymers, but they show only oligomerization activity in dichloromethane.

scholarly journals Crystals of the trp repressor-operator complex suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis.

1987 ◽  
Vol 262 (10) ◽  
pp. 4917-4921 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Joachimiak ◽  
R.Q. Marmorstein ◽  
R.W. Schevitz ◽  
W. Mandecki ◽  
J.L. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Trp Repressor ◽  
X Ray
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