Characterization of articular cartilage and subchondral bone changes in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection and meniscectomized models of osteoarthritis

Bone ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Hayami ◽  
Maureen Pickarski ◽  
Ya Zhuo ◽  
Gregg A. Wesolowski ◽  
Gideon A. Rodan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Early Alterations of Subchondral Bone in the Rat Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection Model of Osteoarthritis

Cartilage ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 194760351987847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Aizah ◽  
Pan Pan Chong ◽  
Tunku Kamarul
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Cartilage Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Objective Advances in research have shown that the subchondral bone plays an important role in the propagation of cartilage loss and progression of osteoarthritis (OA), but whether the subchondral bone changes precede or lead to articular cartilage loss remains debatable. In order to elucidate the subchondral bone and cartilage changes that occur in early OA, an experiment using anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) induced posttraumatic OA model of the rat knee was conducted. Design Forty-two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: the ACLT group and the nonoperated control group. Surgery was conducted on the ACLT group, and subsequently rats from both groups were sacrificed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks postsurgery. Subchondral bone was evaluated using a high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography scanner, while cartilage was histologically evaluated and scored. Results A significant reduction in the subchondral trabecular bone thickness and spacing was found as early as 1 week postsurgery in ACLT rats compared with the nonoperated control. This was subsequently followed by a reduction in bone mineral density and bone fractional volume at week 2, and finally a decrease in the trabecular number at week 3. These changes occurred together with cartilage degeneration as reflected by an increasing Mankin score over all 3 weeks. Conclusions Significant changes in subchondral bone occur very early in OA concurrent with surface articular cartilage degenerative change suggest that factors affecting bone remodeling and resorption together with cartilage matrix degradation occur very early in the disease.

Articular Cartilage Changes Seen With Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Detected Bone Bruises Associated With Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren L. Johnson ◽  
William P. Urban ◽  
David N. M. Caborn ◽  
William J. Vanarthos ◽  
Cathy S. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Bone Bruise ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Bone Bruises ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Occult osteochondral lesions (bone bruises) have been documented on magnetic resonance images in more than 80% of patients sustaining acute anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. Despite the high prevalence of these lesions, little is known about the histologic changes in the adjacent articular cartilage. Ten patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament ruptures who had a preoperatively documented (by magnetic resonance imaging) geographic bone bruise at the sulcus terminalis on the lateral femoral condyle underwent a 3-mm diameter trephine biopsy of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone overlying the bone bruise at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Biopsy samples of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue. All patients had significant arthroscopic and histologic articular cartilage irregularity in the area overlying the bone bruise. Arthroscopic findings of the articular cartilage included softening (dimpling), fissuring, or overt chondral fracture. Histologic examination revealed degeneration of the chondrocytes and loss of toluidine blue staining in the articular cartilage (loss of proteoglycan). There was necrosis of osteocytes in the subchondral bone, and empty lacuna were visible. This study defines the exact histologic changes of the articular cartilage overlying a geographic bone bruise secondary to an acute anterior cruciate ligament tear. Our findings suggest that a geographic bone bruise found on magnetic resonance imaging indicates substantial damage to normal articular cartilage homeostasis.

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