Potential of DNA microarrays for developing parallel detection tools (PDTs) for microorganisms relevant to biodefense and related research needs

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed A. Hashsham ◽  
Lukas M. Wick ◽  
Jean-Marie Rouillard ◽  
Erdogan Gulari ◽  
James M. Tiedje
Keyword(s):  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Parallel Detection

Fertility-related research needs among women at the margins

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (45) ◽  
pp. 30-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheree R Schwartz ◽  
Stefan Baral
Keyword(s):  
Research Needs ◽  
Related Research

International Dimensions of Innovation in Technology

2011 ◽  
pp. 415-429
Author(s):  
Valerie S. Perotti
Keyword(s):  
Research Needs ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Future Developments

This chapter develops a set of seven dimensions, which may be applied to each sovereign nation as a guide to allow for systematic consideration and comparison of opportunities and challenges across borders. Under the assumption that innovation itself requires a unique set of skills or opportunistic settings, the chapter then explores each dimension’s applicability to situations particularly associated with innovation in technology. Using current research and examples from world business, the chapter moves to a brief discussion of projected future developments in the field and related research needs.

Having an impact on health, health care, and health policy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia O'Cathain
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Patient Groups

The focus of this chapter is on the final stage of the research: facilitating the use of the findings of the qualitative research undertaken with RCTs by a variety of stakeholders. Researchers generate evidence to improve the health and health care of the population and specific patient groups. To do this, research needs to impact on the practice of research team members, other researchers undertaking related research, other researchers engaged in synthesizing evidence, and members of the population, patients, practitioners, and policy makers who want to make research evidence-informed decisions. In some countries, university-based research is judged partly by the amount of impact it has in the real world.

Probing the Chemistry and Spectroscopy of Radiation-Sensitive Polymers by Parallel-Detection EELS

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
E. G. Rightor ◽  
G. P. Young
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Parallel Detection ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Ptfe Sample ◽  
Spectroscopic Information ◽  
Edge Features ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Investigation of neat polymers by TEM is often thwarted by their sensitivity to the incident electron beam, which also limits the usefulness of chemical and spectroscopic information available by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for these materials. However, parallel-detection EELS systems allow reduced radiation damage, due to their far greater efficiency, thereby promoting their use to obtain this information for polymers. This is evident in qualitative identification of beam sensitive components in polymer blends and detailed investigations of near-edge features of homopolymers.Spectra were obtained for a poly(bisphenol-A carbonate) (BPAC) blend containing poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) using a parallel-EELS and a serial-EELS (Gatan 666, 607) for comparison. A series of homopolymers was also examined using parallel-EELS on a JEOL 2000FX TEM employing a LaB6 filament at 100 kV. Pure homopolymers were obtained from Scientific Polymer Products. The PTFE sample was commercial grade. Polymers were microtomed on a Reichert-Jung Ultracut E and placed on holey carbon grids.

Parallel Detection of Electron Energy Loss Spectra in Direct Mode

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Eckhard Quandt ◽  
Stephan laBarré ◽  
Andreas Hartmann ◽  
Heinz Niedrig
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Semiconductor Detectors ◽  
Parallel Detection ◽  
Photodiode Arrays ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectra

Due to the development of semiconductor detectors with high spatial resolution -- e.g. charge coupled devices (CCDs) or photodiode arrays (PDAs) -- the parallel detection of electron energy loss spectra (EELS) has become an important alternative to serial registration. Using parallel detection for recording of energy spectroscopic large angle convergent beam patterns (LACBPs) special selected scattering vectors and small detection apertures lead to very low intensities. Therefore the very sensitive direct irradiation of a cooled linear PDA instead of the common combination of scintillator, fibre optic, and semiconductor has been investigated. In order to obtain a sufficient energy resolution the spectra are optionally magnified by a quadrupole-lens system.The detector used is a Hamamatsu S2304-512Q linear PDA with 512 diodes and removed quartz-glas window. The sensor size is 13 μm ∗ 2.5 mm with an element spacing of 25 μm. Along with the dispersion of 3.5 μm/eV at 40 keV the maximum energy resolution is limited to about 7 eV, so that a magnification system should be attached for experiments requiring a better resolution.

Difference mode EXELFS with parallel-detection EELS

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1262-1263
Author(s):  
Michael K. Kundmann ◽  
Ondrej L. Krivanek
Keyword(s):  
Edge Detection ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Parallel Detection ◽  
Gain Variation ◽  
Ideal Solutions ◽  
Detector Cell ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Elemental Detection ◽  
Partial Correction

Parallel detection has greatly improved the elemental detection sensitivities attainable with EELS. An important element of this advance has been the development of differencing techniques which circumvent limitations imposed by the channel-to-channel gain variation of parallel detectors. The gain variation problem is particularly severe for detection of the subtle post-threshold structure comprising the EXELFS signal. Although correction techniques such as gain averaging or normalization can yield useful EXELFS signals, these are not ideal solutions. The former is a partial throwback to serial detection and the latter can only achieve partial correction because of detector cell inhomogeneities. We consider here the feasibility of using the difference method to efficiently and accurately measure the EXELFS signal.An important distinction between the edge-detection and EXELFS cases lies in the energy-space periodicities which comprise the two signals. Edge detection involves the near-edge structure and its well-defined, shortperiod (5-10 eV) oscillations. On the other hand, EXELFS has continuously changing long-period oscillations (∼10-100 eV).

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