Can conversion to organic farming restore the species composition of arable weed communities?

2007 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terho Hyvönen
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Arable Weed

scholarly journals Species composition, richness, and diversity of weed communities of winter arable land in relation to geo-environmental factors: a gradient analysis in mainland Italy

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 381-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Fanfarillo ◽  
Sandrine Petit ◽  
Fabrice Dessaint ◽  
Leonardo Rosati ◽  
Giovanna Abbate
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Arable Weed

The interest in knowledge of the weed communities of arable land is growing worldwide. Italy is one of the countries in Europe that is the most biodiverse, geographically and environmentally heterogeneous, and rich in arable weed species. Thus, in this study, the geo-environmental factors influencing the floristic composition, the species richness, and the Shannon diversity of weed communities of Italian winter arable crops were investigated along a gradient across mainland Italy. Original data were collected in the spring of 2018 in 106 winter cereal and legume arable fields from one fixed area plot per field. Environmental and geographic data were retrieved for each plot, including latitude, longitude, elevation, soil texture, soil pH, continentality, temperature, and precipitation. The effect of crop type was also tested. Latitude was the main driver of floristic differentiation between the studied plant communities, followed by precipitation, temperature, continentality, elevation, and longitude. Soil features and crop type had no significant effects. Higher values of species richness and Shannon diversity were found in southern areas and at higher elevations. Significant explanatory variables accounted for 11.55% of the total variation in species composition of the surveyed communities. The results are discussed and compared with those of similar studies in other Eurasian countries.

THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND THREE ROTATIONS ON WEED COMMUNITIES IN WHEAT (AFTER 21–22 YEARS AT INDIAN HEAD, SASKATCHEWAN)

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY HUME
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

The effect of fertilizer application and three rotations (continuous cropping, fallow-wheat, and fallow-wheat-wheat rotations) on the species composition of the weed community was examined using rotations that had been running for 21–22 yr at Indian Head, Saskatchewan. Before spring seeding, stinkweed and lamb’s-quarters were more abundant on wheat after fallow than they were on either wheat following wheat after fallow or on continuous cropping. After seeding, continuous cropping produced the largest weed densities of green foxtail, thyme-leaved spurge, and vetch. In most instances, Canada thistle was most abundant on continuously cropped and nonfertilized plots. After spring seeding, green foxtail was the only species with a larger density on fertilized plots. Interactions between fertilizer application and rotation, and among species, influenced species composition in the weed community. Fertilizer application tended to reduce community differences between continuous cropping and short-term wheat-fallow rotations. Allelopathic effects of Canada thistle may have reduced green foxtail and redroot pigweed densities. With the use of 2-or 3-yr wheat-fallow rotations and herbicide application, weed problems can be minimized in southeastern Saskatchewan.

The influence of environment, management and site context on species composition of summer arable weed vegetation in Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyula Pinke ◽  
Péter Karácsony ◽  
Bálint Czúcz ◽  
Zoltán Botta-Dukát ◽  
Attila Lengyel
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Arable Weed

Functional traits relating arable weed communities to crop characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Gunton ◽  
Sandrine Petit ◽  
Sabrina Gaba
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Arable Weed

Crop type and altitude are the main drivers of species composition of arable weed vegetation in Tajikistan

Weed Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nowak ◽  
S Nowak ◽  
M Nobis ◽  
A Nobis
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Arable Weed

scholarly journals Weed vegetation in conventional and organic farming in West Bohemia (Czech Republic)  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luděk Tyšer ◽  
Michaela Kolářová ◽  
Ondřej Tulačka ◽  
Pavel Hamouz
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Arable Weed ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
West Bohemia ◽  
Spring Cereals

The paper presents species richness and composition of arable weed vegetation in the region of West Bohemia (Czech Republic) in different types of farming (conventional and organic) and grown crops (winter and spring cereals, wide-row crops). During the field survey in the years 2007 to 2017, 105 phytocoenological relevés were recorded. The average species richness in one relevé was significantly higher in organic farming, as well as total weed cover. The lowest species richness was found in wide-row crops. Recently widespread species belonged to the most frequent species in our study. Based on multivariate statistics, the effects of variables on the occurrence of weed species were found as statistically significant. Most of the variability in data was explained by crop, following by type of farming. Weed species of Fabaceae Lindl. family (especially Vicia L.) and many perennial species positively correlated with the organic type of farming. Endangered species were found mainly in organic farming and cereals. Less intensive cultivation with a higher weed cover is beneficial for the promotion of biodiversity.  

scholarly journals Floristic Biodiversity of Weed Communities in Arable Lands of Istria Peninsula (From 2005 to 2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edita Štefanić ◽  
Vesna Kovačević ◽  
Slavica Antunović ◽  
Božica Japundžić-Palenkić ◽  
Dinko Zima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
The Past ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThis paper analyses the floristic biodiversity of weed communities in the arable lands of the Istrian peninsula during a twelve year period (2005–2017). A total of 50 fields were surveyed for each sampling time using the seven-degree Braun-Blanquet cover abundance scale in the following agricultural categories: a) permanent crops (vineyards/olive groves), b) alfalfa fields, c) cereals, d) row crops and e) ruderal areas. The taxonomic identification was performed during the full development of vegetation, for cereals in June and July, and for the rest – in August and September. A total of 175 weed species were determined during both study periods with Asteraceae and Poaceae families as the most abundant. Altogether, therophytes were dominant in both surveys, followed by hemycryptophytes and geophytes. Variations in species composition were visible in both study periods (2005 and 2017) as well as in the selected habitat types. Exclusive species were found in addition to those that were common for both surveys. Changes in species composition between 2005 and 2017 referred to the difference in row spacing in earlier period, and ruderal vs. agricultural habitats in the recent survey. The differences in phenological traits between the past and present surveys were greatest for germination season in permanent crops and row crops, flowering start for permanent crops, flowering period for ruderal area and weed height for permanent crops. Significant differences between the past and present survey for other plant traits did not occur.

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