The pharmacology of effort-related choice behavior: Dopamine, depression, and individual differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Salamone ◽  
Merce Correa ◽  
Samantha Yohn ◽  
Laura Lopez Cruz ◽  
Noemi San Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Choice Behavior

scholarly journals Choosing between hotels: impact of bimodal rating summary statistics and maximizing behavioral tendency

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-186
Author(s):  
Ludovik Coba ◽  
Laurens Rook ◽  
Markus Zanker
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Fundamental Nature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Conjoint Experiment ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

Abstract Rating summary statistics are basic aggregations that reflect users’ assessments of experienced products and services in numerical form. Thus far, scholars primarily investigated textual reviews, but dedicated considerably less time and effort exploring the potential impact of plain rating summary statistics on people’s choice behavior. Notwithstanding their fundamental nature, however, rating summary statistics also are relevant to electronic commerce in general, and to e-tourism in particular. In this work, we attempted to fill this void, by exploring the effects of different types of rating attributes (the mean rating value, the overall number of ratings, and the bimodality of rating distributions) on hotel choice behavior. We also investigated whether individual differences in the cause of people’s maximizing behavioral tendency moderated the effect of rating summary statistics on hotel choice behavior. Results of an eye-tracked conjoint experiment show that people’s high or low on decision difficulty as the cause of maximization determined whether and how rating summary statistics have an impact on the choice between hotels. Implications for the tourism and hospitality domain are addressed.

Stochastic Choice Behavior on Road Traffic Networks under Information Provision

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 2173-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
Hong Mei Zhou ◽  
Ying En Ge
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Traffic Networks ◽  
Stochastic Choice ◽  
Information Interpretation ◽  
Road Traffic Networks

This paper attempts to model stochastic choice behavior in simultaneous trip route and departure time decision-making on road traffic networks, taking into account information quality and individual differences in information interpretation among the population of travelers. Different from the traditional stochastic model, the proposed choice behavior model assumes that road users simultaneously select the trip routes and departure times that have the largest probabilities of incurring the least generalized travel costs. This model is applicable in both static and dynamic settings and can be applied to both ordinary travelers as well as operators of emergent vehicles, e.g., the fire engine. The preliminary numerical experiments show that the proposed stochastic choice model can reflect the overreaction phenomena reported in studies of traffic information provision and the impacts of the types of traffic information on the effectiveness of information provision. This model opens a potential way to analyze network equilibrium behavior taking into account individual differences in the ability of information interpretation as well as information quality.

scholarly journals I Can’t Wait: Methods for Measuring and Moderating Individual Differences in Impulsive Choice

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Peterson ◽  
Catherine C. Hill ◽  
Andrew T. Marshall ◽  
Sarah L. Stuebing ◽  
Kimberly Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Impulsive Choice ◽  
Compulsive Gambling ◽  
Clinical Model

AbstractImpulsive choice behavior occurs when individuals make choices without regard for future consequences. This behavior is often maladaptive and is a common symptom in many disorders, including drug abuse, compulsive gambling, and obesity. Several proposed mechanisms may influence impulsive choice behavior. These mechanisms provide a variety of pathways that may provide the basis for individual differences that are often evident when measuring choice behavior. This review provides an overview of these different pathways to impulsive choice, and the behavioral intervention strategies being developed to moderate impulsive choice. Because of the compelling link between impulsive choice behavior and the near-epidemic pervasiveness of obesity in the United States, we focus on the relationship between impulsive choice behavior and obesity as a test case for application of the multiple pathways approach. Choosing immediate gratification over healthier long term food choices is a contributing factor to the obesity crisis. Behavioral interventions can lead to more self-controlled choices in a rat pre-clinical model, suggesting a possible gateway for translation to human populations. Designing and implementing effective impulsive choice interventions is crucial to improving the overall health and well-being of impulsive individuals.

Individual differences in impulsive choice behavior

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Galtress ◽  
Angela Crumer ◽  
Ana Garcia ◽  
Kimberly Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Impulsive Choice

The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractWe argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Inter-individual variation shapes the human microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Wissel ◽  
Leigh K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Microbiome Research

Abstract The target article suggests inter-individual variability is a weakness of microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) research, but we discuss why it is actually a strength. We comment on how accounting for individual differences can help researchers systematically understand the observed variance in microbiota composition, interpret null findings, and potentially improve the efficacy of therapeutic treatments in future clinical microbiome research.

Why Speech-Language Clinicians Should Be in the Classroom

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Wadle
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Regular Classroom ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Therapy Room

Lack of training is only an excuse for not collaborating outside of the therapy room. With our present training, speech-language clinicians have many skills to share in the regular classroom setting. This training has provided skills in task analysis, a language focus, an appreciation and awareness of individual differences in learning, and motivational techniques.

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