Odour learning and immunity costs in mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Barnard ◽  
S.A. Collins ◽  
J.N. Daisley ◽  
J.M. Behnke
Keyword(s):  
Odour Learning

Associative learning for host-induced fruit volatiles in Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a koinobiont parasitoid of tephritid flies

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Canale ◽  
S. Geri ◽  
G. Benelli
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Nonanoic Acid ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Geranyl Acetone ◽  
Odour Learning ◽  
Psyttalia Concolor ◽  
Key Resources

AbstractParasitic wasps are fascinating organisms that rely on a wide range of communication channels to locate their hosts. Associative learning for foraging kairomones has been demonstrated for various parasitic wasps, but little is known for parasitoids of Tephritidae flies. Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a koinobiont parasitoid able to attack at least 14 tephritid pests. Females are innately attracted by some host-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), whereas others of the same bouquet are unattractive. We hypothesize that females may detect unattractive HIPVs in association with key resources, such as food and hosts, learning to respond favourably to these cues in consecutive experiences. We evaluated associative learning for HIPVs in P. concolor females, testing if they are able to associate a food reward with the presence of different dosages of three HIPVs, thus developing a preference for an odour innately unattractive. Results demonstrated that P. concolor responded favourably to the learned cue in consecutive experiences. For all tested HIPVs (nonanoic acid, decanoic acid and geranyl acetone), regardless of dosage, trained females preferred the reward-associated odour, whereas naïve did not. Both HIPV-trained and naïve females did not show consistent differences in latencies when choosing HIPVs over blank. HIPV-trained and naïve wasps did not spend more time on HIPVs over blank. Odour learning is of adaptive importance for this generalist parasitoid, since it enhances host location efficiency by reducing the time wasted on the decision of where to search for hosts. From an applied perspective, these HIPVs could be used to train mass-reared P. concolor in pre-release, to potentially improve its efficacy in the field.

Effect of fruit and host fly species on the associative learning by Fopius arisanus

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (05) ◽  
pp. 649-658
Author(s):  
A. Monsia ◽  
G.S.B. Mègnigbèto ◽  
D. Gnanvossou ◽  
M.F. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Fopius Arisanus ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Odour Learning ◽  
Ceratitis Cosyra

AbstractParasitoids, released in augmentative biological control programmes, which display a rapid host-location capacity, have a higher likelihood of successfully controlling target pest species. By learning to associate sensory cues to a suitable oviposition site, might parasitoids used as biological control agents, locate hosts more rapidly, and perhaps increase the efficacity of e.g. Tephritidae fruit fly management. We studied associative learning of Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and tested its range of learning in natural and conditional hosts and host fruits, i.e. Bactrocera dorsalis, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis cosyra (Diptera: Tephritidae) and on fruits (papaya, tomato, banana). Naïve female F. arisanus were compared with experienced wasps, which had been offered infested and non-infested fruit, and been allowed to oviposit. Preferences for olfactory cues from infested fruits were thereafter assessed in a two-choice olfactometer. Naïve and trained parasitoids preference differed in general and non-responders to infested fruits were higher among naïve parasitoids. The trained wasps preferred the fruit infested in the training more than the control fruit, for all combination, except when C. cosyra infested the fruits, hence avoidance behavioural response was observed towards the odour of the infested fruit. Fopius arisanus was capable of behaviourally respond to the learned information, e.g. associative odour learning was achieved, yet limited depending on interaction level, fruit fly and fruit combination. To create F. arisanus preference of an associated odour, it might hence be needed to ensure oviposition in perceived suitable host and host fruit, for the parasitoid learning to become favourable in a biological control setup.

scholarly journals Mammary pheromone-induced odour learning influences sucking behaviour and milk intake in the newborn rabbit

2016 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Jouhanneau ◽  
Benoist Schaal ◽  
Gérard Coureaud
Keyword(s):  
Milk Intake ◽  
Newborn Rabbit ◽  
Odour Learning ◽  
Mammary Pheromone

Absence of odour learning in the stemborer parasitoidCotesia flavipes

1997 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P.J POTTING ◽  
H OTTEN ◽  
L.E.M VET
Keyword(s):  
Odour Learning

Early development of filial preferences in the rabbit: implications of nursing- and pheromone-induced odour learning?

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Patris ◽  
Guy Perrier ◽  
Benoist Schaal ◽  
Gerard Coureaud
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Odour Learning

Gustatory response and appetitive learning in Microplitis croceipes in relation to sugar type and concentration

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Wäckers ◽  
Louise Vet ◽  
Claire Bonifay ◽  
Joe Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Microplitis Croceipes ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Feeding Response ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Appetitive Learning ◽  
Odour Learning

AbstractInsects can be conditioned to respond to odours through associative learning. Various learning parameters, such as the rate of odour acquisition, are known to depend on the type of conditioned stimulus. Here we investigate to what extent appetitive conditioning in the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes is also affected by characteristics of the food reward (unconditioned stimulus). We tested 1 M solutions of eight sugars naturally occurring in nectar and honeydew with respect to their effect on parasitoid gustatory response and their suitability as an unconditioned stimulus in the process of associative odour learning. To test for concentration effects, a separate experiment compared parasitoid performance with 1 M and 0.25 M of sucrose, respectively. Only exposure to glucose, fructose, sucrose and melezitose enhanced feeding relative to control individuals provided water. Raffinose, mannose, galactose and melibiose did not increase or decrease consumption, indicating that these sugars are neither phagostimulants nor phagodeterrents. In the conditioning experiments, parasitoids were allowed to feed on a particular sugar solution while being exposed to the floral odour cineole. Parasitoids that had been trained with the stimulatory sugars subsequently showed a clear conditioned feeding response to the cineole. Conditioning with galactose, mannose and melibiose, on the other hand, did not lead to successful odour acquisition. Conditioning with raffinose increased the tendency of the parasitoid to exhibit a conditioned feeding response, even though this response was significantly shorter than the response following training with stimulatory sugars.The level of cineole response was not significantly influenced by the concentration of a sucrose solution, even though the 0.25 M concentration was a weaker feeding stimulant.Our findings indicate that gustatory perception is the principal unconditioned stimulus in appetitive learning. The results with raffinose indicate that postingestive feedback may be involved in food associative learning as well.

scholarly journals The impact of training method on odour learning and generalisation in detection animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 105266
Author(s):  
Benjamin Keep ◽  
Thomas W. Pike ◽  
Sophie A. Moszuti ◽  
Helen E. Zulch ◽  
Victoria F. Ratcliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Method ◽  
Odour Learning ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Associative odour learning affects mating behaviour in Aphidius ervi males (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian A. VILLAGRA ◽  
Rodrigo A. VASQUEZ ◽  
Hermann M. NIEMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Odour Learning

Dynamics of odour learning in Leptopilina boulardi, a hymenopterous parasitoid

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kaiser ◽  
R. Pérez-Maluf ◽  
J.C. Sandoz ◽  
M.H. Pham-Delègue
Keyword(s):  
Leptopilina Boulardi ◽  
Odour Learning
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