High cell-density cultivation in batch mode for plasmid DNA production by a metabolically engineered E. coli strain with minimized overflow metabolism

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Soto ◽  
Luis Caspeta ◽  
Blanca Barrón ◽  
Guillermo Gosset ◽  
Octavio T. Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Overflow Metabolism ◽  
High Cell ◽  
High Cell Density Cultivation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dna Production

scholarly journals High cell density cultivation of a recombinant E. coli strain expressing a key enzyme in bioengineered heparin production

2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 3893-3900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Francesca Restaino ◽  
Ujjwal Bhaskar ◽  
Priscilla Paul ◽  
Lingyun Li ◽  
Mario De Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
High Cell ◽  
High Cell Density Cultivation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bioengineered Heparin ◽  
Key Enzyme

scholarly journals Development of a semi-defined medium for high cell density cultivation of Escherichia coli in shake flask culture system: Part 2

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Shake Flask ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Overflow Metabolism ◽  
High Cell ◽  
High Cell Density Cultivation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Diauxic Lag

The characteristics of the culture vessel determine, to a large extent, the type of growth medium suitable for use. For example, most growth media for high cell density cultivation are designed for expensive bioreactors operating either in continuous or fed-batch mode, where provision of additional nutrients and/or removal of metabolic waste products from the basal medium – comprising salts, buffer components and small amount of carbon and nitrogen sources - help increase biomass yield by maintaining culture conditions within the range conducive for growth. The inexpensive and ubiquitous shake flask, in contrast, is usually operated in batch mode and contains, at the outset, a comprehensive medium with all necessary nutrients for conversion into biomass and, also serves as a repository for secreted metabolites - some of which are detrimental for cell growth. Thus, designing medium for high cell density cultivation in shake-flask is an optimization process aiming to increase biomass formation while reducing toxic metabolite secretion. This preprint reports improvements to a previously reported semi-defined medium (Wenfa Ng, 2013, https://peerj.com/preprints/115v1) for high cell density aerobic cultivation of Escherichia coli DH5α (ATCC 53868) in shake flask. Specifically, by reducing the concentrations of glucose (from 6.0 to 4.0 g/L) and ammonium chloride (from 1.5 to 1.0 g/L), the following improvements were obtained: a shorter diauxic lag phase (3 versus 5 hours); a higher maximal optical density (12.0 versus 11.0) in a shorter total culture period (27 versus 48 hours), and smaller pH variation during cultivation (6.0 to 7.6 versus 5.5 to 7.8). Similar to the earlier study, glucose and yeast extract served as principal carbon sources in separate growth phases for E. coli in the improved formulated medium (FMimproved). Specifically, an OD600nm of 6.6 was attained after 9 hours of growth on glucose at 37 oC. Following a lag phase of 3 hours, growth resumed on yeast extract and the OD600nm reached 12.0 after 27 hours. The broth’s pH decreased from 7.1 to 6.0 during the first growth phase, whereupon it gradually rose to 7.6 at the end of culture. A smaller pH decrease along with higher biomass yield in the first growth phase suggested that the lower glucose concentration in FMimproved might have prevented overflow metabolism - and associated negative effects on growth - thus, resulting in a shorter diauxic lag phase and total culture period. Collectively, increase in cell yield, as well as decrease in total culture time and a shorter diauxic lag phase arise from a small reduction in glucose concentration - which suggested that an optimum exist, beyond which, occurrence of overflow metabolism would reduce cell yield and biomass formation.

scholarly journals Development of a semi-defined medium for high cell density cultivation of Escherichia coli in shake flasks: Part 2

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Overflow Metabolism ◽  
High Cell ◽  
High Cell Density Cultivation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Shake Flasks ◽  
Diauxic Lag

The characteristics of the culture vessel determine, to a large extent, the type of growth medium suitable for use. For example, most growth media for high cell density cultivation are designed for expensive bioreactors operating either in continuous or fed-batch mode, where provision of additional nutrients and/or removal of metabolic waste products from the basal medium (comprising salts, buffer components and small amount of carbon and nitrogen sources) help increase biomass yield by maintaining culture conditions within the range conducive for growth. The inexpensive and ubiquitous shake flask, in contrast, is usually operated in batch mode and contains a comprehensive medium with all necessary nutrients for converting cells into biomass, and as a repository for secreted metabolites, some of which detrimental for cell growth. Thus, designing medium for high cell density cultivation in shake flask is an optimization process with the aim to increase biomass formation while reducing toxic metabolite secretion. This preprint reports improvements to a previously reported semi-defined medium for high cell density aerobic cultivation of Escherichia coli DH5α (ATCC 53868) in shake flasks. Specifically, by reducing the concentrations of glucose (from 6.0 to 4.0 g/L) and ammonium chloride (from 1.5 to 1.0 g/L), the following improvements were obtained: a shorter diauxic lag phase (3 versus 5 hours); a higher maximum optical density (12.0 versus 11.0) in a shorter total culture period (27 versus 48 hours), and smaller pH variation during cultivation (6.0 to 7.6 versus 5.5 to 7.8). Similar to the earlier study, glucose and yeast extract served as principal carbon sources in separate growth phases for E. coli in the improved formulated medium (FMimproved). Specifically, an OD600nm of 6.6 was attained after 9 hours of growth at 37 oC. After a lag phase of 3 hours, growth resumed on yeast extract and the OD600nm reached 12.0 after 27 hours. The broth’s pH decreased from 7.1 to 6.0 during the first growth phase, whereupon it gradually rose to 7.6 at the end of culture. A smaller pH decrease together with higher biomass yield in the first growth phase suggested that the lower glucose concentration in FMimproved might have prevented overflow metabolism (and associated negative effects on growth); thus, resulting in a shorter diauxic lag phase and total culture period. Collectively, increase in cell yield, as well as decrease in total culture time and a shorter diauxic lag phase arise from a small reduction in glucose concentration, which suggested that an optimum exist, beyond which occurrence of overflow metabolism would reduce cell yield and biomass formation. Part 1 of this work can be found at: https://peerj.com/preprints/115/

scholarly journals Development of a semi-defined medium for high cell density cultivation of Escherichia coli in shake flasks: Part 2

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng ◽  
Yen-Peng Ting
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Overflow Metabolism ◽  
High Cell ◽  
High Cell Density Cultivation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Shake Flasks ◽  
Diauxic Lag

The characteristics of the culture vessel determine, to a large extent, the type of growth medium suitable for use. For example, most growth media for high cell density cultivation are designed for expensive bioreactors operating either in continuous or fed-batch mode, where provision of additional nutrients and/or removal of metabolic waste products from the basal medium (comprising salts, buffer components and small amount of carbon and nitrogen sources) help increase biomass yield by maintaining culture conditions within the range conducive for growth. The inexpensive and ubiquitous shake flask, in contrast, is usually operated in batch mode and contains, at the outset, a comprehensive medium with all necessary nutrients for conversion into biomass, and also serves as a repository for secreted metabolites - some of which are detrimental for cell growth. Thus, designing medium for high cell density cultivation in shake flask is an optimization process with the aim to increase biomass formation while reducing toxic metabolite secretion. This preprint reports improvements to a previously reported semi-defined medium for high cell density aerobic cultivation of Escherichia coli DH5α (ATCC 53868) in shake flasks. Specifically, by reducing the concentrations of glucose (from 6.0 to 4.0 g/L) and ammonium chloride (from 1.5 to 1.0 g/L), the following improvements were obtained: a shorter diauxic lag phase (3 versus 5 hours); a higher maximum optical density (12.0 versus 11.0) in a shorter total culture period (27 versus 48 hours), and smaller pH variation during cultivation (6.0 to 7.6 versus 5.5 to 7.8). Similar to the earlier study, glucose and yeast extract served as principal carbon sources in separate growth phases for E. coli in the improved formulated medium (FMimproved). Specifically, an OD600nm of 6.6 was attained after 9 hours of growth on glucose at 37 oC. After a lag phase of 3 hours, growth resumed on yeast extract and the OD600nm reached 12.0 after 27 hours. The broth’s pH decreased from 7.1 to 6.0 during the first growth phase, whereupon it gradually rose to 7.6 at the end of culture. A smaller pH decrease along with higher biomass yield in the first growth phase suggested that the lower glucose concentration in FMimproved might have prevented overflow metabolism (and associated negative effects on growth); thus, resulting in a shorter diauxic lag phase and total culture period. Collectively, increase in cell yield, as well as decrease in total culture time and a shorter diauxic lag phase arise from a small reduction in glucose concentration - which suggested that an optimum exist, beyond which occurrence of overflow metabolism would reduce cell yield and biomass formation.

scholarly journals Engineering Escherichia coli to increase plasmid DNA production in high cell-density cultivations in batch mode

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe M Borja ◽  
Eugenio Meza Mora ◽  
Blanca Barrón ◽  
Guillermo Gosset ◽  
Octavio T Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Dna Production

scholarly journals Development of a semi-defined medium for high cell density cultivation of Escherichia coli in shake flasks: Part 2

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Overflow Metabolism ◽  
High Cell ◽  
High Cell Density Cultivation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Shake Flasks ◽  
Diauxic Lag

The characteristics of the culture vessel determine, to a large extent, the type of growth medium suitable for use. For example, most growth media for high cell density cultivation are designed for expensive bioreactors operating either in continuous or fed-batch mode, where provision of additional nutrients and/or removal of metabolic waste products from the basal medium (comprising salts, buffer components and small amount of carbon and nitrogen sources) help increase biomass yield by maintaining culture conditions within the range conducive for growth. The inexpensive and ubiquitous shake flask, in contrast, is usually operated in batch mode and contains a comprehensive medium with all necessary nutrients for converting cells into biomass, and as a repository for secreted metabolites, some of which detrimental for cell growth. Thus, designing medium for high cell density cultivation in shake flask is an optimization process with the aim to increase biomass formation while reducing toxic metabolite secretion. This preprint reports improvements to a previously reported semi-defined medium for high cell density aerobic cultivation of Escherichia coli DH5α (ATCC 53868) in shake flasks. Specifically, by reducing the concentrations of glucose (from 6.0 to 4.0 g/L) and ammonium chloride (from 1.5 to 1.0 g/L), the following improvements were obtained: a shorter diauxic lag phase (3 versus 5 hours); a higher maximum optical density (12.0 versus 11.0) in a shorter total culture period (27 versus 48 hours), and smaller pH variation during cultivation (6.0 to 7.6 versus 5.5 to 7.8). Similar to the earlier study, glucose and yeast extract served as principal carbon sources in separate growth phases for E. coli in the improved formulated medium (FMimproved). Specifically, an OD600nm of 6.6 was attained after 9 hours of growth at 37 oC. After a lag phase of 3 hours, growth resumed on yeast extract and the OD600nm reached 12.0 after 27 hours. The broth’s pH decreased from 7.1 to 6.0 during the first growth phase, whereupon it gradually rose to 7.6 at the end of culture. A smaller pH decrease together with higher biomass yield in the first growth phase suggested that the lower glucose concentration in FMimproved might have prevented overflow metabolism (and associated negative effects on growth); thus, resulting in a shorter diauxic lag phase and total culture period. Collectively, increase in cell yield, as well as decrease in total culture time and a shorter diauxic lag phase arise from a small reduction in glucose concentration, which suggested that an optimum exist, beyond which occurrence of overflow metabolism would reduce cell yield and biomass formation. Part 1 of this work can be found at: https://peerj.com/preprints/115/

scholarly journals Development of a semi-defined medium for high cell density cultivation of Escherichia coli in shake flask culture system: Part 2

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng ◽  
Yen-Peng Ting
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Shake Flask ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Overflow Metabolism ◽  
High Cell ◽  
High Cell Density Cultivation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Diauxic Lag

The characteristics of the culture vessel determine, to a large extent, the type of growth medium suitable for use. For example, most growth media for high cell density cultivation are designed for expensive bioreactors operating either in continuous or fed-batch mode, where provision of additional nutrients and/or removal of metabolic waste products from the basal medium – comprising salts, buffer components and small amount of carbon and nitrogen sources - help increase biomass yield by maintaining culture conditions within the range conducive for growth. The inexpensive and ubiquitous shake flask, in contrast, is usually operated in batch mode and contains, at the outset, a comprehensive medium with all necessary nutrients for conversion into biomass and, also serves as a repository for secreted metabolites - some of which are detrimental for cell growth. Thus, designing medium for high cell density cultivation in shake-flask is an optimization process aiming to increase biomass formation while reducing toxic metabolite secretion. This preprint reports improvements to a previously reported semi-defined medium for high cell density aerobic cultivation of Escherichia coli DH5α (ATCC 53868) in shake flask. Specifically, by reducing the concentrations of glucose (from 6.0 to 4.0 g/L) and ammonium chloride (from 1.5 to 1.0 g/L), the following improvements were obtained: a shorter diauxic lag phase (3 versus 5 hours); a higher maximal optical density (12.0 versus 11.0) in a shorter total culture period (27 versus 48 hours), and smaller pH variation during cultivation (6.0 to 7.6 versus 5.5 to 7.8). Similar to the earlier study, glucose and yeast extract served as principal carbon sources in separate growth phases for E. coli in the improved formulated medium (FMimproved). Specifically, an OD600nm of 6.6 was attained after 9 hours of growth on glucose at 37 oC. Following a lag phase of 3 hours, growth resumed on yeast extract and the OD600nm reached 12.0 after 27 hours. The broth’s pH decreased from 7.1 to 6.0 during the first growth phase, whereupon it gradually rose to 7.6 at the end of culture. A smaller pH decrease along with higher biomass yield in the first growth phase suggested that the lower glucose concentration in FMimproved might have prevented overflow metabolism - and associated negative effects on growth - thus, resulting in a shorter diauxic lag phase and total culture period. Collectively, increase in cell yield, as well as decrease in total culture time and a shorter diauxic lag phase arise from a small reduction in glucose concentration - which suggested that an optimum exist, beyond which, occurrence of overflow metabolism would reduce cell yield and biomass formation.

scholarly journals Development of a semi-defined medium for high cell density cultivation of Escherichia coli in shake flasks: Part 2

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng ◽  
Yen-Peng Ting
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Overflow Metabolism ◽  
High Cell ◽  
High Cell Density Cultivation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Shake Flasks ◽  
Diauxic Lag

The characteristics of the culture vessel determine, to a large extent, the type of growth medium suitable for use. For example, most growth media for high cell density cultivation are designed for expensive bioreactors operating either in continuous or fed-batch mode, where provision of additional nutrients and/or removal of metabolic waste products from the basal medium – comprising salts, buffer components and small amount of carbon and nitrogen sources - help increase biomass yield by maintaining culture conditions within the range conducive for growth. The inexpensive and ubiquitous shake flask, in contrast, is usually operated in batch mode and contains, at the outset, a comprehensive medium with all necessary nutrients for conversion into biomass, and also serves as a repository for secreted metabolites - some of which are detrimental for cell growth. Thus, designing medium for high cell density cultivation in shake flask is an optimization process with the aim to increase biomass formation while reducing toxic metabolite secretion. This preprint reports improvements to a previously reported semi-defined medium for high cell density aerobic cultivation of Escherichia coli DH5α (ATCC 53868) in shake flasks. Specifically, by reducing the concentrations of glucose (from 6.0 to 4.0 g/L) and ammonium chloride (from 1.5 to 1.0 g/L), the following improvements were obtained: a shorter diauxic lag phase (3 versus 5 hours); a higher maximal optical density (12.0 versus 11.0) in a shorter total culture period (27 versus 48 hours), and smaller pH variation during cultivation (6.0 to 7.6 versus 5.5 to 7.8). Similar to the earlier study, glucose and yeast extract served as principal carbon sources in separate growth phases for E. coli in the improved formulated medium (FMimproved). Specifically, an OD600nm of 6.6 was attained after 9 hours of growth on glucose at 37 oC. Following a lag phase of 3 hours, growth resumed on yeast extract and the OD600nm reached 12.0 after 27 hours. The broth’s pH decreased from 7.1 to 6.0 during the first growth phase, whereupon it gradually rose to 7.6 at the end of culture. A smaller pH decrease along with higher biomass yield in the first growth phase suggested that the lower glucose concentration in FMimproved might have prevented overflow metabolism - and associated negative effects on growth - thus, resulting in a shorter diauxic lag phase and total culture period. Collectively, increase in cell yield, as well as decrease in total culture time and a shorter diauxic lag phase arise from a small reduction in glucose concentration - which suggested that an optimum exist, beyond which occurrence of overflow metabolism would reduce cell yield and biomass formation.

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