A phenotype-driven ENU mutagenesis screen to identify modifiers of γ-globin expression and red blood cell biology

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Gerhard Rank ◽  
Rosemary Sutton ◽  
Ben Kile ◽  
Simon Foote ◽  
Jacinta Caddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Enu Mutagenesis ◽  
Mutagenesis Screen

scholarly journals Cellular immune responses in red blood cell alloimmunization

Hematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Zimring ◽  
Krystalyn E. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Transfusion Therapy

Abstract In excess of 340 blood group antigens have now been described that vary between individuals. Thus, any unit of blood that is nonautologous represents a significant dose of alloantigen. Most blood group antigens are proteins, which differ by a single amino acid between donors and recipients. Approximately 1 out of every 70 individuals are transfused each year (in the United States alone), which leads to antibody responses to red blood cell (RBC) alloantigens in some transfusion recipients. When alloantibodies are formed, in many cases, RBCs expressing the antigen in question can no longer be safely transfused. However, despite chronic transfusion, only 3% to 10% of recipients (in general) mount an alloantibody response. In some disease states, rates of alloimmunization are much higher (eg, sickle cell disease). For patients who become alloimmunized to multiple antigens, ongoing transfusion therapy becomes increasingly difficult or, in some cases, impossible. While alloantibodies are the ultimate immune effector of humoral alloimmunization, the cellular underpinnings of the immune system that lead to ultimate alloantibody production are complex, including antigen consumption, antigen processing, antigen presentation, T-cell biology, and B-cell biology. Moreover, these cellular processes differ to some extent with regard to transfused RBCs as compared with other better-studied immune barriers (eg, infectious disease, vaccines, and solid organ transplantation). The current work focuses on illustrating the current paradigm of humoral immunity, with a specific focus on particulars of RBC alloimmunization and recent advances in the understanding thereof.

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