The role of primary auditory and visual cortices in temporal processing: A tDCS approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mioni ◽  
S. Grondin ◽  
M. Forgione ◽  
V. Fracasso ◽  
D. Mapelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Visual Cortices

scholarly journals On Synchronizing Coupled Retinogeniculocortical Pathways: A Toy Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
B. L. Mayer ◽  
L. H. A. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Regular Lattice ◽  
Visual Cortices

A Newman-Watts graph is formed by including random links in a regular lattice. Here, the emergence of synchronization in coupled Newman-Watts graphs is studied. The whole neural network is considered as a toy model of mammalian visual pathways. It is composed by four coupled graphs, in which a coupled pair represents the lateral geniculate nucleus and the visual cortex of a cerebral hemisphere. The hemispheres communicate with each other through a coupling between the graphs representing the visual cortices. This coupling makes the role of the corpus callosum. The state transition of neurons, supposed to be the nodes of the graphs, occurs in discrete time and it follows a set of deterministic rules. From periodic stimuli coming from the retina, the neuronal activity of the whole network is numerically computed. The goal is to find out how the values of the parameters related to the network topology affect the synchronization among the four graphs.

Utilizing the Cortico-Striatal Projectome to Advance the Study of Timing and Time Perception

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Lusk ◽  
Dean V. Buonomano
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Frequency Model ◽  
Timing And Time Perception

Over the past decade advances in tracing and imaging techniques have spurred the development of increasingly detailed maps of brain connectivity. Broadly termed ‘connectomes’, these maps provide a powerful tool for systems neuroscience. As with most ‘maps’, connectomes offer a static spatial description of the brain’s circuits, whereas timing and temporal processing are inherently dynamic processes; nevertheless, the timing field stands to be a major beneficiary of these large-scale mapping projects. The recently reported ‘projectome’ of mouse cortico-striatal sub-networks is of particular interest because theoretical developments such as the striatal beat-frequency model emphasize the role of the striatum in temporal processing. The cortico-striatal projectome confirms that the dorsal striatum is ideally situated to sample patterns of activity throughout most of the cortex, but that it also contains a level of modularity previously not considered by integrative models of interval timing. Furthermore, the striatal projectome will allow for targeted studies of whether specific subdivisions of the dorsal striatum are differentially involved in timing and time perception as a function of task, stimulus modality, intensity, and valence.

scholarly journals Neural Network of Predictive Motor Timing in the Context of Gender Differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Filip ◽  
Jan Lošák ◽  
Tomáš Kašpárek ◽  
Jiří Vaníček ◽  
Martin Bareš
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Motor Timing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Timing Processes

Time perception is an essential part of our everyday lives, in both the prospective and the retrospective domains. However, our knowledge of temporal processing is mainly limited to the networks responsible for comparing or maintaining specific intervals or frequencies. In the presented fMRI study, we sought to characterize the neural nodes engaged specifically in predictive temporal analysis, the estimation of the future position of an object with varying movement parameters, and the contingent neuroanatomical signature of differences in behavioral performance between genders. The established dominant cerebellar engagement offers novel evidence in favor of a pivotal role of this structure in predictive short-term timing, overshadowing the basal ganglia reported together with the frontal cortex as dominant in retrospective temporal processing in the subsecond spectrum. Furthermore, we discovered lower performance in this task and massively increased cerebellar activity in women compared to men, indicative of strategy differences between the genders. This promotes the view that predictive temporal computing utilizes comparable structures in the retrospective timing processes, but with a definite dominance of the cerebellum.

Tms in Migraine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Schoenen ◽  
Valentin Bohotin ◽  
Alain Maertens De Noordhout
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Visual Cortices ◽  
Multidisciplinary Studies ◽  
Migraine Pathophysiology ◽  
Cortical Dysfunction

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to search for cortical dysfunction in migraine. Both, the motor and the visual cortices have been explored in this area. This article reviews and discusses the results of the various studies performed in migraine patients with TMS of motor or visual cortices. The majority of evoked and event-related potential studies in migraine have shown two abnormalities: increased amplitude of grand averaged responses and lack of habituation in successive blocks of averaged responses with decreased amplitude in the first block. These abnormalities suggest that the excitability state of the cerebral cortex, particularly of the visual cortex, is abnormal in migraineurs between attacks. The use of TMS to assess motor and visual cortex excitability has yielded conflicting results, which could be due to methodological differences. Taken together, all studies indicate that the changes in cortical reactivity are more complex in migraineurs than initially thought and suggest that both larger multidisciplinary studies and focused analyses of subgroups of patients with more refined clinical phenotypes are necessary to disentangle the role of the cerebral cortex in migraine pathophysiology.

Role of Auditory Temporal Processing for Reading and Spelling Disability

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1043-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Schulte-Körne ◽  
Wolfgang Deimel ◽  
Jürgen Bartling ◽  
Helmut Remschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Spelling Disability ◽  
Processing Deficit ◽  
Reading And Spelling

The role of auditory temporal processing in reading and spelling was investigated in a sample of 30 children and one of 31 adults, using a gap-detection task with nonspeech stimuli. There was no evidence for a relationship between reading and spelling disability (dyslexia) and the gap-detection threshold. The results were discussed regarding the relevance for the popular hypothesis of an auditory temporal processing deficit underlying dyslexia.

The role of duration and rapid temporal processing on the lateral perception of consonants and vowels

1982 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Dwyer ◽  
Sheila E. Blumstein ◽  
John Ryalls
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing
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