Effects of lurasidone on ketamine-induced joint visual attention dysfunction as a possible disease model of autism spectrum disorders in common marmosets

2014 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Nakako ◽  
Takeshi Murai ◽  
Masaru Ikejiri ◽  
Takashi Hashimoto ◽  
Manato Kotani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Joint Visual Attention ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Attention Dysfunction

scholarly journals Effects of Physical Exercise and Virtual Training on Visual Attention Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Chaoxin Ji ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Probe Stimulus ◽  
Virtual Training ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This study compared the effects of physical exercise (PE) and virtual training (VT) on the improvement of the visual attention mechanism in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). One hundred eighty-nine children with ASD were recruited from Orphan School in Liaoning Province, China. After screening, 100 children ultimately participated in the experiment. Children with ASD were randomly assigned to VT (VT, n = 34), PE (PE, n = 33) and control group (CG, n = 33). The VT group experiment was performed in a virtual environment through the game FIFA21 three times per week for 6 weeks. The PE group played physical football matches three times per week for 6 weeks. Children with ASD in the CG group did not receive VT or PE but only received psychological counseling. Visual attention of children with ASD is evaluated by using the multiple object tracking paradigm (MOT). After 6 weeks of observation, although none of the three groups saw improvements in the correct rate of ring tracking, the observations of the VT and PE groups were significant (p < 0.05) compared to the CG group in finding detection rate of probe stimulus. Through MOT tests, VT and PE improved the detection rate of probe stimulus in children with ASD. Therefore, this paper indicates that VT and PE can improve the visual attention ability of children with ASD.

Neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S45-S46
Author(s):  
T.M. Sheldrick-Michel ◽  
B.T. Morten ◽  
B. Niels ◽  
I. Mirolyuba
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with heterogeneous etiology characterized by deficits in social cognition, communication, and behavioral flexibility. Disturbances on molecular and cellular level in early brain development incl. intercellular communication, an unbalanced ratio between certain neuronal populations and maturation/differentiation process, oxidative stress, happening in embryonal stages, might be promising candidates to explain the development of autistic symptoms.In order to get a deeper understanding of these processes, valid “disease models” are pivotal. A new cutting edge technique, named brain organoids, has been highlighted as a promising candidate for obtaining a better “disease model”.Brain organoids derived from patients induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) follow in vivo timeline development; they also have the ability to recreate the right complexity of the brains, developmental stages. On the cellular and gene expression level, organoids demonstrate a high similarity to the developing brain in vivo and can therefore recapitulate early stages of the neurogenesis. To date organoids are the most relevant cellular in vitro platform for the understanding of the mechanisms behind ADS pathology. Investigations of “mini brains” at different time points in their development will give a wider and more detailed picture of the disease dynamic and thus the development of therapeutic and prevention strategies. It is a tool that can be used for effective high throughput screening of chemical compounds as potential drugs (“in sphero” drug testing). Organoids are a good modeling system for elucidating the role of epigenetic and environmental factors for development of ASD.Disclosure of interestThe authors declare that they have no competing interest.

scholarly journals Social rivalry triggers visual attention in children with autism spectrum disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Grandgeorge ◽  
Yentl Gautier ◽  
Pauline Brugaillères ◽  
Inès Tiercelin ◽  
Carole Jacq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Disfluency Characteristics Observed in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura W. Plexico ◽  
Julie E. Cleary ◽  
Ashlynn McAlpine ◽  
Allison M. Plumb
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Young Children With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

This descriptive study evaluates the speech disfluencies of 8 verbal children between 3 and 5 years of age with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech samples were collected for each child during standardized interactions. Percentage and types of disfluencies observed during speech samples are discussed. Although they did not have a clinical diagnosis of stuttering, all of the young children with ASD in this study produced disfluencies. In addition to stuttering-like disfluencies and other typical disfluencies, the children with ASD also produced atypical disfluencies, which usually are not observed in children with typically developing speech or developmental stuttering. (Yairi & Ambrose, 2005).

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