scholarly journals Nucleus accumbens lesions decrease sensitivity to rapid changes in the delay to reinforcement

2006 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A ACHESON ◽  
A FARRAR ◽  
M PATAK ◽  
K HAUSKNECHT ◽  
A KIERES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Delay To Reinforcement

scholarly journals Rapid changes in extracellular glutamate induced by natural arousing stimuli and intravenous cocaine in the nucleus accumbens shell and core

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken T. Wakabayashi ◽  
Eugene A. Kiyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens Shell ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Motivated Behavior ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Electrochemical Signal

Glutamate (Glu) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter, playing a crucial role in the functioning of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a critical area implicated in somatosensory integration and regulation of motivated behavior. In this study, high-speed amperometry with enzyme-based biosensors was used in freely moving rats to examine changes in extracellular Glu in the NAc shell and core induced by a tone, tail pinch (TP), social interaction with a male conspecific (SI), and intravenous (iv) cocaine (1 mg/kg). To establish the contribution of Glu to electrochemical signal changes, similar recordings were conducted with null (Glu0) sensors, which were exposed to the same chemical and physical environment but were insensitive to Glu. TP, SI, and cocaine, but not a tone, induced relatively large and prolonged current increases detected by both Glu and Glu0 sensors. However, current differentials revealed very rapid, much smaller, and transient increases in extracellular Glu levels, more predominantly in the NAc shell than core. In contrast to monophasic responses with natural stimuli, cocaine induced a biphasic Glu increase in the shell, with a transient peak during the injection and a slower postinjection peak. Therefore, Glu is phasically released in the NAc after exposure to natural arousing stimuli and cocaine; this release is rapid, stimulus dependent, and structure specific, suggesting its role in triggering neural and behavioral activation induced by these stimuli. This study also demonstrates the need for multiple in vitro and in vivo controls to reveal relatively small, highly phasic, and transient fluctuations in Glu levels occurring under behaviorally relevant conditions.

Musical Anhedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Sara E. Holm ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Christoph J. Ploner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Exact Localization ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Some people, although they are perfectly healthy and happy, cannot enjoy music. These individuals have musical anhedonia, a condition which can be congenital or may occur after focal brain damage. To date, only a few cases of acquired musical anhedonia have been reported in the literature with lesions of the temporo-parietal cortex being particularly important. Even less literature exists on congenital musical anhedonia, in which impaired connectivity of temporal brain regions with the Nucleus accumbens is implicated. Nonetheless, there is no precise information on the prevalence, causes or exact localization of both congenital and acquired musical anhedonia. However, the frequent involvement of temporo-parietal brain regions in neurological disorders such as stroke suggest the possibility of a high prevalence of this disorder, which leads to a considerable reduction in the quality of life.

Chemogenetic inhibition of dopaminergic projections to the nucleus accumbens has sexually dimorphic effects in the rat gambling task.

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan J. Hynes ◽  
Jacqueline-Marie M. Ferland ◽  
Tanya L. Feng ◽  
Wendy K. Adams ◽  
Mason M. Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gambling Task

Tiefenhirnstiumulation des Nucleus Accumbens bei therapieresistenter Alkoholabhängigkeit – erste Erfahrungen

Suchttherapie ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
UJ Müller ◽  
J Voges ◽  
J Heinze ◽  
M Heldmann ◽  
I Galazky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens

Oxytocin attenuates nucleus accumbens-connectivity during alcohol cue presentation: Evidence from a recent randomized cross-over study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bach ◽  
I Reinhard ◽  
S Bühler ◽  
S Vollstädt-Klein ◽  
F Kiefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens

Economic Way of Thought and Legislationon Nonprofit Organizations

2012 ◽  
pp. 48-63
Author(s):  
L. Yakobson
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Social Medium ◽  
The State ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Essential Prerequisite

The article considers proper legislation as an essential prerequisite for actualization of NPOs comparative advantages. Restrictions imposed on NPOs are reasonable if they are compensated by benefits from greater trust. The rigidity of constrains and requirements should be optimized while accounting for peculiarities of a social medium, the state of the nonprofit sector, and the governments readiness to encourage the development of the latter. As empirical data suggests, Russian NPOs being on different stages of maturity need separate legal treatment. In the meanwhile, interests that prevail in the NPOs community are not always conducive to rapid changes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document