Neurobehavioral profiles during the acute phase of ethanol withdrawal in adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
C SLAWECKI ◽  
J ROTH ◽  
A GILDER
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

THE INFLUENCE OF TUMOR GROWTH ON THE SYNTHESIS OF α2-AP (ACUTE PHASE) GLOBULIN OF RAT SERUM

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1937-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry E. Weimer ◽  
Constance Humelbaugh ◽  
Dorothy M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Serum Haptoglobin ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Walker 256 ◽  
Implantation Procedure

The effects of growth of the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma on the α2-AP (acute phase) globulin, fibrinogen, seromucoid, and haptoglobin fractions of plasma were investigated in adult, male Sprague–Dawley rats in a longitudinal study. Early increases in α2-AP globulin and seromucoid levels were found to be related to the tissue injury associated with the implantation procedure. Significant elevations in the α2-AP globulin, fibrinogen, and seromucoid fractions coincided with the onset of progressive tumor growth. Serum haptoglobin concentrations exhibited a delayed rise. This was attributed to the in vivo formation of haptoglobin–hemoglobin complexes. It was suggested that the increases in all fractions reflected the release of humoral mediators from injured or necrotic cells wrhich stimulated increased synthesis of the fractions by the liver.

scholarly journals Comparison of direct and indirect models of early induced acute lung injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chimenti ◽  
Luis Morales-Quinteros ◽  
Ferranda Puig ◽  
Marta Camprubi-Rimblas ◽  
Raquel Guillamat-Prats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acid Aspiration ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Bacterial Superinfection

Abstract Background The animal experimental counterpart of human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is acute lung injury (ALI). Most models of ALI involve reproducing the clinical risk factors associated with human ARDS, such as sepsis or acid aspiration; however, none of these models fully replicates human ARDS. Aim To compare different experimental animal models of ALI, based on direct or indirect mechanisms of lung injury, to characterize a model which more closely could reproduce the acute phase of human ARDS. Materials and methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intratracheal instillations of (1) HCl to mimic aspiration of gastric contents; (2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic bacterial infection; (3) HCl followed by LPS to mimic aspiration of gastric contents with bacterial superinfection; or (4) cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce peritonitis and mimic sepsis. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after instillations or 24 h after CLP. Results At 24 h, rats instilled with LPS or HCl-LPS had increased lung permeability, alveolar neutrophilic recruitment and inflammatory markers (GRO/KC, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6). Rats receiving only HCl or subjected to CLP had no evidence of lung injury. Conclusions Rat models of ALI induced directly by LPS or HCl-LPS more closely reproduced the acute phase of human ARDS than the CLP model of indirectly induced ALI.

Male, but not female, Sprague Dawley rats display enhanced fear learning following acute ethanol withdrawal (hangover)

2021 ◽  
pp. 173229
Author(s):  
Paige Marsland ◽  
Allissa Parrella ◽  
Andrew S. Vore ◽  
Thaddeus M. Barney ◽  
Elena I. Varlinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Acute Ethanol ◽  
Acute Ethanol Withdrawal

NUTRITIONAL STRESS AND THE ACUTE-PHASE REACTANTS OF RAT SERUM IN EXPERIMENTAL INFLAMMATION

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry E. Weimer ◽  
James F. Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Experimental Inflammation ◽  
New Protein

The effects of acute starvation, food restriction, and protein depletion on the response of serum proteins to turpentine-induced inflammation were investigated in adult, male, Sprague–Dawley rats. The animals were fed nutritionally inadequate diets until a 20% weight loss was attained, then they were challenged. Significant increases occurred in the concentrations of protein-bound hexose, protein-bound hexosamine, and protein-bound sialic acid, and in the fibrinogen, seromucoid, α2- and β-globulin fractions; a new protein, α2-AP (acute-phase) globulin, appeared in the serum concomitant with decreased levels of total protein, albumin, and γ-globulin after the injection of the phlogogenic agent. The same pattern of response to inflammation occurred, irrespective of whether the rats were fed the stock or experimental diets.The conclusion was drawn that the response of the acute-phase reactants of rat serum to tissue injury is of such magnitude that it is not suppressed by several types of severe nutritional stress. Possible factors involved in the response are discussed.

Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

Early Development of Drug-Induced Hepatic Necrosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki ◽  
E. Detzi ◽  
C. H. Keysser
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Microscopic Studies

This study represents the first in a series of investigations carried out to elucidate the mechanism(s) of early hepatocellular damage induced by drugs and other related compounds. During screening tests of CNS-active compounds in rats, it has been found that daily oral administration of one of these compounds at a dose level of 40 mg. per kg. of body weight induced diffuse massive hepatic necrosis within 7 weeks in Charles River Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes. Partial hepatectomy enhanced the development of this peculiar type of necrosis (3 weeks instead of 7) while treatment with phenobarbital prior to the administration of the drug delayed the appearance of necrosis but did not reduce its severity.Electron microscopic studies revealed that early development of this liver injury (2 days after the administration of the drug) appeared in the form of small dark osmiophilic vesicles located around the bile canaliculi of all hepatocytes (Fig. 1). These structures differed from the regular microbodies or the pericanalicular multivesicular bodies. They first appeared regularly rounded with electron dense matrix bound with a single membrane. After one week on the drug, these vesicles appeared vacuolated and resembled autophagosomes which soon developed whorls of concentric lamellae or cisterns characteristic of lysosomes (Fig. 2). These lysosomes were found, later on, scattered all over the hepatocytes.

Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 702-703
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reticulin Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

Freeze-etch studies of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage reveal matrix vesicles associated with calcification

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-671
Author(s):  
Russell N. A. Cecil ◽  
H. Clarke Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Matrix Vesicle ◽  
Glycerol Solution ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Growth Plates ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tibial Epiphyseal

Unfixed proximal tibial epiphyseal growth plates were studied by freeze-etch to confirm the presence of extracellular calcifying matrix vesicles and to determine the substructure of matrix vesicle membranes as compared to plasma and other membranes of intact chondrocytes. Growth plates from 6-10 week old Sprague-Dawley rats were cut into 1x3 mm blocks whose long dimension was oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the long axis of the tibia. Some blocks were fixed at pH 7. 0 in 0. 2M cacodylate - buffered 2. 5% glutaraldehyde for 1 hour at 4ÅC. The blocks were immersed in 30% glycerol solution at 4ÅC for 1 hour, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then fractured, etched for 2 minutes, and coated with platinum, carbon and 0. 2% Formvar solution. The replicas were cleaned with chromic acid, floated onto Formvar coated grids, and examined with a Phillips EM 300 electron microscope.Fixed and unfixed specimens appeared similar in ultrastructure. Chondrocytes, matrix, and matrix vesicles were identified. In specimens fractured parallel to the long axis of the tibia, the reserve, proliferative, hypertrophic, and calcifying zones could be discerned as described by light and electron microscopy.

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