scholarly journals African American Race Is a Newly Identified Risk Factor for Postengraftment Blood Stream Infections in Pediatric Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirozumi Sano ◽  
Joseph A. Hilinski ◽  
Kristy Applegate ◽  
Kuang-Yueh Chiang ◽  
Ann Haight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Allogeneic Blood ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Blood And Marrow Transplantation ◽  
African American Race

CMV Viremia and African-American Ethnicity Are Risk Factors for Post-Engraftment Blood Stream Infections in Pediatric Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 3397-3397
Author(s):  
Hirozumi Sano ◽  
Joseph Hilinski ◽  
Kristy Applegate ◽  
Andres Camacho-Gonzalez ◽  
Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
African American ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Allogeneic Blood ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Blood And Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
American Ethnicity

Abstract Background: Blood stream infections (BSI) are a major source of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (BMT). In studies of risk for BSI various factors have been identified. The impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia, however, on risk has not been assessed. This is important since both CMV infection and ganciclovir (GCV), the mainstay of pre-emptive therapy, have myelosuppressive and immunosuppressive effects. We conducted a retrospective analysis to test the hypothesis that CMV viremia predisposes allogeneic BMT patients to BSI. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 278 allogeneic BMTs performed at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta between January 1st 2005 and December 31st 2014 that met eligibility criteria. The primary outcome was the first episode of BSI occurring between day +30 and +100 seen in engrafted patients following allogeneic BMT. We compared clinical characteristics between patients with and without BSI. This analysis was based on a time dependent competing risk model. Risk events including acute GVHD and CMV viremia were counted only when they preceded the BSI. We performed a multivariate analysis to estimate the effect of CMV viremia on risk for BSI in the post-engraftment period (days +30-100). Results: The median age was 9 years (range 0-22 years). 44.6% of the patients were Caucasian, while 38.5% were African-American. 59.7% received an unrelated marrow, unrelated cord or the alternative donor transplant. 60.8% were transplanted for a hematologic malignancy. The cumulative incidence of BSI between day +30 and+100 was 21.9% (95% confidence interval (CI), 17.5-27.3%). The median day of BSI development was 54 (range 30-99). The leading cause of BSI was Staphylococcus epidermidis. Gram-positive cocci were responsible for 71.4% of all BSIs. In the multivariate analysis, three factors were significant: grade III/IV aGVHD (hazard ratio (HR)=3.490, 95% CI 1.530-7.980, P=0.003), CMV viremia (HR=3.410, 95% CI 1.410-8.250, P=0.007), and African-American ethnicity (HR=2.520, 95% CI 1.130-5.600, P=0.024). Form of insurance (Medicaid/no insurance vs. other), employed as a surrogate for income level, had no influence on risk. In the 57 patients with CMV viremia, the frequency of neutropenia (<500/mm3) after the development of CMV viremia until day +100 was 26.3% (15/57), significantly higher than that observed in patients without CMV viremia (5.4% (12/221), P<0.001). Conclusion: Our analysis of risk for post-engraftment BSI in children yielded three factors. One, aGVHD, is well established. The other two, CMV viremia and African-American ethnicity, have not been previously recognized. That CMV viremia would predispose to subsequent BSI is highly plausible. Our results suggest that the risk of CMV viremia may be mediated in part by neutropenia stemming from CMV or its treatment with ganciclovir. That African-American ethnicity has not previously been recognized as a risk factor may simply reflect the ethnic make up of previous studies. Our findings are consistent with those of studies performed in other settings, showing patients of African descent to be at increased risk for bacteremia and sepsis. An increased risk for BSI among patients of African descent could partly explain the concerning excess risk for transplant related mortality previously observed among these patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

African American Race Is a Robust Risk Factor for Food, but Not Aeroallergen Sensitization

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. AB24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haejin Kim ◽  
Suzanne Havstad ◽  
Jerel M. Ezell ◽  
Ganesa Wegienka ◽  
Edward M. Zoratti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
African American Race

scholarly journals Shared Decision‐Making in Pediatric Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation: What If There Is No Decision to Make?

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Pentz ◽  
Wendy Pelletier ◽  
Melissa A. Alderfer ◽  
Kristin Stegenga ◽  
Diane L. Fairclough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Allogeneic Blood ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Blood And Marrow Transplantation

AFRICAN AMERICAN RACE AS A RISK FACTOR IN OUTCOMES AFTER SECOND AND THIRD KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
J. McGee ◽  
L. P. Chou ◽  
A. Harbin ◽  
Y. Hsueh ◽  
C. L. Yau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
African American Race
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