scholarly journals Immune Reconstitution after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coco de Koning ◽  
Maud Plantinga ◽  
Paul Besseling ◽  
Jaap Jan Boelens ◽  
Stefan Nierkens
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

scholarly journals Immune Reconstitution after Haploidentical Donor and Umbilical Cord Blood Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Hany Elmariah ◽  
Claudio G. Brunstein ◽  
Nelli Bejanyan
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Unrelated Donor ◽  
Allogeneic Hct

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only potentially curative therapy for a variety of hematologic diseases. However, this therapeutic platform is limited by an initial period when patients are profoundly immunocompromised. There is gradual immune recovery over time, that varies by transplant platform. Here, we review immune reconstitution after allogeneic HCT with a specific focus on two alternative donor platforms that have dramatically improved access to allogeneic HCT for patients who lack an HLA-matched related or unrelated donor: haploidentical and umbilical cord blood HCT. Despite challenges, interventions are available to mitigate the risks during the immunocompromised period including antimicrobial prophylaxis, modified immune suppression strategies, graft manipulation, and emerging adoptive cell therapies. Such interventions can improve the potential for long-term overall survival after allogeneic HCT.

scholarly journals Immune Reconstitution in the Aging Host: Opportunities for Mechanism-Based Therapy in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Lin ◽  
Harold K. Elias ◽  
Marcel R. M. van den Brink
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Older patients with hematologic malignancies are increasingly considered for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with encouraging outcomes. While aging-related thymic dysfunction remains a major obstacle to optimal and timely immune reconstitution post- transplantation, recent accumulating evidence has suggested that various aging hallmarks such as cellular senescence, inflamm-aging, and hematopoietic stem cell exhaustion, could also impact immune reconstitution post-transplantation in both thymic-dependent and independent manner. Here we review molecular and cellular aspects of immune senescence and immune rejuvenation related to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation among older patients and discuss potential strategies for mechanism-based therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals An Unconventional View of T Cell Reconstitution After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Andrlová ◽  
Marcel R. M. van den Brink ◽  
Kate A. Markey
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Curative Intent

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is performed as curative-intent therapy for hematologic malignancies and non-malignant hematologic, immunological and metabolic disorders, however, its broader implementation is limited by high rates of transplantation-related complications and a 2-year mortality that approaches 50%. Robust reconstitution of a functioning innate and adaptive immune system is a critical contributor to good long-term patient outcomes, primarily to prevent and overcome post-transplantation infectious complications and ensure adequate graft-versus-leukemia effects. There is increasing evidence that unconventional T cells may have an important immunomodulatory role after allo-HCT, which may be at least partially dependent on the post-transplantation intestinal microbiome. Here we discuss the role of immune reconstitution in allo-HCT outcome, focusing on unconventional T cells, specifically mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, γδ (gd) T cells, and invariant NK T (iNKT) cells. We provide an overview of the mechanistic preclinical and associative clinical studies that have been performed. We also discuss the emerging role of the intestinal microbiome with regard to hematopoietic function and overall immune reconstitution.

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