scholarly journals Scoring HLA Class I Mismatches by HistoCheck Does Not Predict Clinical Outcome in Unrelated Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Spellman ◽  
John Klein ◽  
Michael Haagenson ◽  
Medhat Askar ◽  
Lee Ann Baxter-Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Killer Ig–like receptor-mediated control of natural killer cell alloreactivity in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 764-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Moretta ◽  
Franco Locatelli ◽  
Daniela Pende ◽  
Emanuela Marcenaro ◽  
Maria Cristina Mingari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Graft Versus Host

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are key members of the innate immune system. In a self-environment, they sense and kill target cells lacking major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and release various cytokines on activation. The discovery of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I specific inhibitory receptors (including the allotype-specific killer immunoglobulin-like receptors), and of various activating receptors and their ligands, provided the basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of NK-cell activation and function, mainly resulting from the balance between activating and inhibitory signals. In an allogeneic setting, such as T cell–depleted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, NK cells may express inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors that are not engaged by any of the HLA class I alleles present on allogeneic cells. Such “alloreactive” NK cells greatly contribute both to eradication of leukemia blasts escaping the preparative regimen and to clearance of residual host dendritic cells and T lymphocytes (thus preventing graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection, respectively). Improved prevention of graft-versus-host disease might be achieved by redirecting to lymph nodes adoptively transferred, alloreactive NK cells by inducing CCR7-uptake in vitro. Recent studies suggested that, after immune-suppressive therapy, alloreactive NK cells from an HLA-haploidentical donor may prevent leukemia recurrence also in patients who have not received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

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