Virulence factors are released in association with outer membrane vesicles of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1 during normal growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 1834 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiranjit Chowdhury ◽  
Medicharla Venkata Jagannadham
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles

An Investigation into the Effects of Outer Membrane Vesicles and Lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity, Permeability, and Disruption of Scaffolding Proteins in a Human in vitro Model

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Anna Barlach Pritchard ◽  
Zsolt Fabian ◽  
Clare L. Lawrence ◽  
Glyn Morton ◽  
StJohn Crean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Background: The effects of the key pathogens and virulence factors associated with gum disease such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) on the central nervous system is of great interest with respect to development of neuropathologies and hence therapeutics and preventative strategies. Chronic infections and associated inflammation are known to weaken the first line of defense for the brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Objective: The focus of this study is to utilize an established human in vitro BBB model to evaluate the effects of P. gingivalis virulence factors lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) on a primary-derived human model representing the neurovascular unit of the BBB. Methods: Changes to the integrity of the BBB after application of P. gingivalis LPS and OMVs were investigated and correlated with transport of LPS. Additionally, the effect of P. gingivalis LPS and OMVs on human brain microvascular endothelial cells in monolayer was evaluated using immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: The integrity of the BBB model was weakened by application of P. gingivalis LPS and OMVs, as measured by a decrease in electrical resistance and a recovery deficit was seen in comparison to the controls. Application of P. gingivalis OMVs to a monoculture of human brain microvascular endothelial cells showed disruption of the tight junction zona occludens protein (ZO-1) compared to controls. Conclusion: These findings show that the integrity of tight junctions of the human BBB could be weakened by association with P. gingivalis virulence factors LPS and OMVs containing proteolytic enzymes (gingipains).

scholarly journals Long-Distance Delivery of Bacterial Virulence Factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outer Membrane Vesicles

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e1000382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Bomberger ◽  
Daniel P. MacEachran ◽  
Bonita A. Coutermarsh ◽  
Siying Ye ◽  
George A. O'Toole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Delivery

scholarly journals Outer Membrane Vesicles Secreted by Helicobacter pylori Transmitting Gastric Pathogenic Virulence Factors

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisi Wei ◽  
Xiaoya Li ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Yaojie Wang ◽  
Cong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles

scholarly journals Protective Plant Immune Responses are Elicited by Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. McMillan ◽  
Sophia G. Zebell ◽  
Jean B. Ristaino ◽  
Xinnian Dong ◽  
Meta J. Kuehn
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Bacterial Outer Membrane ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

SummaryBacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) perform a variety of functions in bacterial survival and virulence. In mammalian systems, OMVs activate immune responses and have been exploited as vaccines. However, little work has focused on the role that OMVs play during interactions with plant hosts. Here we report that OMVs from the pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae and the beneficial Pseudomonas fluorescens activate plant immune responses that protect against bacterial and oomycete pathogens. OMVs from these two species display different sensitivity to biochemical stressors, which could indicate differences in OMV cargo packaging. Furthermore, our study shows that OMV-induced protective immune responses are T3SS- and protein-independent, while OMV-mediated seedling growth inhibition largely depends on protein cargo. Importantly, OMV-mediated plant responses are distinct from those triggered by PAMP/MAMPs or effector molecules alone. OMVs provide a unique opportunity to study virulence factors in combination and add a new layer of interaction and complexity to host-microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalisOuter Membrane Vesicles Mediate Coaggregation and Piggybacking ofTreponema denticolaandLachnoanaerobaculum saburreum

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Grenier
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Motile Species

Porphyromonas gingivalissheds outer membrane vesicles that contain several virulence factors, including adhesins. In this study, we investigated the ability ofP. gingivalisouter membrane vesicles to mediate the coaggregation and piggybacking ofTreponema denticolaandLachnoanaerobaculum saburreum. Marked coaggregation betweenT. denticolaandL. saburreumoccurred in the presence ofP. gingivalisouter membrane vesicles. Sucrose was an effective chemoattractant for the motile speciesT. denticola. The addition of outer membrane vesicles to a mixture ofT. denticolaandL. saburreumsignificantly increased the number of nonmotile bacteria that migrated into a sucrose-filled capillary tube immersed in the bacterial mixture. Under optimal conditions, the number of nonmotileL. saburreumin the capillary tube increased approximately 5-fold, whereas no increase occurred when boiled vesicles were used. This study showed thatP. gingivalisouter membrane vesicles mediate coaggregation betweenT. denticolaandL. saburreumand that nonmotile bacteria can be translocated by piggybacking on spirochetes.

scholarly journals Virulence factors of Moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane vesicles are major targets for cross-reactive antibodies and have adapted during evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Augustyniak ◽  
Rafał Seredyński ◽  
Siobhán McClean ◽  
Justyna Roszkowiak ◽  
Bartosz Roszniowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles

scholarly journals The proteome of the outer membrane vesicles of an Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Lz4W

Data in Brief ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 406-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heramb.M. kulkarni ◽  
Ch. V.B. Swamy ◽  
Medicharla.V. Jagannadham
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Antarctic Bacterium

scholarly journals Epoxide-Mediated Differential Packaging of Cif and Other Virulence Factors into Outer Membrane Vesicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 196 (20) ◽  
pp. 3633-3642 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Ballok ◽  
L. M. Filkins ◽  
J. M. Bomberger ◽  
B. A. Stanton ◽  
G. A. O'Toole
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles

scholarly journals Virulence and Immunomodulatory Roles of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri N. Ellis ◽  
Meta J. Kuehn
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Stress Response Pathway ◽  
Degradative Enzymes ◽  
Bacterial Virulence Factor ◽  
Molecular Patterns

SUMMARY Outer membrane (OM) vesicles are ubiquitously produced by Gram-negative bacteria during all stages of bacterial growth. OM vesicles are naturally secreted by both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. Strong experimental evidence exists to categorize OM vesicle production as a type of Gram-negative bacterial virulence factor. A growing body of data demonstrates an association of active virulence factors and toxins with vesicles, suggesting that they play a role in pathogenesis. One of the most popular and best-studied pathogenic functions for membrane vesicles is to serve as natural vehicles for the intercellular transport of virulence factors and other materials directly into host cells. The production of OM vesicles has been identified as an independent bacterial stress response pathway that is activated when bacteria encounter environmental stress, such as what might be experienced during the colonization of host tissues. Their detection in infected human tissues reinforces this theory. Various other virulence factors are also associated with OM vesicles, including adhesins and degradative enzymes. As a result, OM vesicles are heavily laden with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), virulence factors, and other OM components that can impact the course of infection by having toxigenic effects or by the activation of the innate immune response. However, infected hosts can also benefit from OM vesicle production by stimulating their ability to mount an effective defense. Vesicles display antigens and can elicit potent inflammatory and immune responses. In sum, OM vesicles are likely to play a significant role in the virulence of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.

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