scholarly journals The mechanism of photoinhibition in vivo: Re-evaluation of the roles of catalase, α-tocopherol, non-photochemical quenching, and electron transport

2012 ◽  
Vol 1817 (8) ◽  
pp. 1127-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norio Murata ◽  
Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev ◽  
Yoshitaka Nishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

scholarly journals Identification of parallel pH- and zeaxanthin-dependent quenching of excess energy in LHCSR3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne M. Troiano ◽  
Federico Perozeni ◽  
Raymundo Moya ◽  
Luca Zuliani ◽  
Kwangryul Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Complex Stress ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Light Harvesting Complexes ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

AbstractUnder high light conditions, oxygenic photosynthetic organisms avoid photodamage by thermally dissipating excess absorbed energy, which is called non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In green algae, a chlorophyll and carotenoid-binding protein, light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR3), detects excess energy via pH and serves as a quenching site. However, the mechanisms by which LHCSR3 functions have not been determined. Using a combined in vivo and in vitro approach, we identify two parallel yet distinct quenching processes, individually controlled by pH and carotenoid composition, and their likely molecular origin within LHCSR3 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The pH-controlled quenching is removed within a mutant LHCSR3 that lacks the protonable residues responsible for sensing pH. Constitutive quenching in zeaxanthin-enriched systems demonstrates zeaxanthin-controlled quenching, which may be shared with other light-harvesting complexes. We show that both quenching processes prevent the formation of damaging reactive oxygen species, and thus provide distinct timescales and mechanisms of protection in a changing environment.

scholarly journals From ecophysiology to phenomics: some implications of photoprotection and shade–sun acclimation in situ for dynamics of thylakoids in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1608) ◽  
pp. 3503-3514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizue Matsubara ◽  
Britta Förster ◽  
Melinda Waterman ◽  
Sharon A. Robinson ◽  
Barry J. Pogson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Shade Acclimation ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Shade Leaves

Half a century of research into the physiology and biochemistry of sun–shade acclimation in diverse plants has provided reality checks for contemporary understanding of thylakoid membrane dynamics. This paper reviews recent insights into photosynthetic efficiency and photoprotection from studies of two xanthophyll cycles in old shade leaves from the inner canopy of the tropical trees Inga sapindoides and Persea americana (avocado). It then presents new physiological data from avocado on the time frames of the slow coordinated photosynthetic development of sink leaves in sunlight and on the slow renovation of photosynthetic properties in old leaves during sun to shade and shade to sun acclimation. In so doing, it grapples with issues in vivo that seem relevant to our increasingly sophisticated understanding of Δ pH-dependent, xanthophyll-pigment-stabilized non-photochemical quenching in the antenna of PSII in thylakoid membranes in vitro .

scholarly journals Allosteric regulation of the light-harvesting system of photosystem II

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1402) ◽  
pp. 1361-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Horton ◽  
Alexander V. Ruban ◽  
Mark Wentworth
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Allosteric Regulation ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Non–photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) is symptomatic of the regulation of energy dissipation by the light–harvesting antenna of photosystem II (PS II). The kinetics of NPQ in both leaves and isolated chloroplasts are determined by the transthylakoid ΔpH and the de–epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle. In order to understand the mechanism and regulation of NPQ we have adopted the approaches commonly used in the study of enzyme–catalysed reactions. Steady–state measurements suggest allosteric regulation of NPQ, involving control by the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids of a protonationdependent conformational change that transforms the PS II antenna from an unquenched to a quenched state. The features of this model were confirmed using isolated light–harvesting proteins. Analysis of the rate of induction of quenching both in vitro and in vivo indicated a bimolecular second–order reaction; it is suggested that quenching arises from the reaction between two fluorescent domains, possibly within a single protein subunit. A universal model for this transition is presented based on simple thermodynamic principles governing reaction kinetics.

scholarly journals Antenna Protein Clustering In Vitro Unveiled by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2969
Author(s):  
Aurélie Crepin ◽  
Edel Cunill-Semanat ◽  
Eliška Kuthanová Trsková ◽  
Erica Belgio ◽  
Radek Kaňa
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Fluorescence Correlation ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Antenna protein aggregation is one of the principal mechanisms considered effective in protecting phototrophs against high light damage. Commonly, it is induced, in vitro, by decreasing detergent concentration and pH of a solution of purified antennas; the resulting reduction in fluorescence emission is considered to be representative of non-photochemical quenching in vivo. However, little is known about the actual size and organization of antenna particles formed by this means, and hence the physiological relevance of this experimental approach is questionable. Here, a quasi-single molecule method, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), was applied during in vitro quenching of LHCII trimers from higher plants for a parallel estimation of particle size, fluorescence, and antenna cluster homogeneity in a single measurement. FCS revealed that, below detergent critical micelle concentration, low pH promoted the formation of large protein oligomers of sizes up to micrometers, and therefore is apparently incompatible with thylakoid membranes. In contrast, LHCII clusters formed at high pH were smaller and homogenous, and yet still capable of efficient quenching. The results altogether set the physiological validity limits of in vitro quenching experiments. Our data also support the idea that the small, moderately quenching LHCII oligomers found at high pH could be relevant with respect to non-photochemical quenching in vivo.

scholarly journals The JcWRKY tobacco transgenics showed improved photosynthetic efficiency and wax accumulation during salinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant More ◽  
Parinita Agarwal ◽  
Priyanka S. Joshi ◽  
Pradeep K. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Subtle Effect ◽  
Cellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photosynthesis Efficiency ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

AbstractSalinity is one of the major factors negatively affecting crop productivity. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are involved in salicylic acid (SA) mediated cellular reactive oxygen species homeostasis in response to different stresses, including salinity. Therefore, the effect of NaCl, NaCl + SA and SA treatments on different photosynthesis-related parameters and wax metabolites were studied in the Jatropha curcas WRKY (JcWRKY) overexpressing tobacco lines. JcWRKY transgenics showed improved photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration/ambient CO2 concentration ratio (Ci/Ca ratio), electron transport rate (ETR), photosynthesis efficiency (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and quantum yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSII) in response to salinity stress, while exogenous SA application had subtle effect on these parameters. Alkane, the major constituent of wax showed maximum accumulation in transgenics exposed to NaCl. Other wax components like fatty alcohol, carboxylic acid and fatty acid were also higher in transgenics with NaCl + SA and SA treatments. Interestingly, the transgenics showed a higher number of open stomata in treated plants as compared to wild type (WT), indicating less perception of stress by the transgenics. Improved salinity tolerance in JcWRKY overexpressing tobacco transgenics is associated with photosynthetic efficiency and wax accumulation, mediated by efficient SA signalling. The transgenics showed differential regulation of genes related to photosynthesis (NtCab40, NtLhcb5 and NtRca1), wax accumulation (NtWIN1) and stomatal regulation (NtMUTE, NtMYB-like, NtNCED3-2 and NtPIF3). The present study indicates that JcWRKY is a potential TF facilitating improved photosynthesis with the wax metabolic co-ordination in transgenics during stress.

scholarly journals The chloroplast NADPH thioredoxin reductase C, NTRC, controls non-photochemical quenching of light energy and photosynthetic electron transport inArabidopsis

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Naranjo ◽  
Clara Mignée ◽  
Anja Krieger-Liszkay ◽  
Dámaso Hornero-Méndez ◽  
Lourdes Gallardo-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

scholarly journals Physiological and microclimatic consequences of variation in agricultural management of maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
Rosa Guadalupe Pérez-Hernández ◽  
Manuel Jesus Cach-Pérez ◽  
Rosaura Aparacio-Fabre ◽  
Hans Van der Wal ◽  
Ulises Rodríguez-Robles
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Background: Maize is cultivated under different agricultural management systems, which influence the ecological dynamics of the crop, and therefore the physiology of the plant. Questions: What is the effect of different agricultural management on the microclimate and the physiology of maize plants? Studied species: Zea mays L. Study site and dates: Nacajuca, Tabasco, Mexico; January to April 2017. Methods: Physiological performance of maize plants and microclimatic variation in the crop area was characterized under three management systems: maize monoculture, maize-bean, and maize-bean-squash intercropping. Each treatment was established in three 100 m2 plots (300 m2 per treatment). Four measurements were taken between days 33 and 99 after maize sowing, to characterize five microclimatic parameters (relative air humidity, air and soil temperature, vapor-pressure deficit and soil volumetric water content) and nine physiological parameters (photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, electron transport rate, quantum efficiency of photosystem II, non-photochemical quenching, foliar water potential and chlorophyll content). Results: Maximum soil temperature was up to 4.4 ºC less in the maize-bean system than in the monoculture at 15:00 h; soil in the maize-bean-squash intercropping retained up to 45 % more water than the monoculture throughout the day. Photosynthesis and electron transport rate in the maize-bean intercropping was up to 32 % higher than in the monoculture. The highest non-photochemical quenching and transpiration rate were observed in the maize-bean-squash system. Conclusions: The maize-bean and maize-bean-squash combination provides maize plants with lower soil temperature and higher water availability, allowing them better physiological performance compared to monoculture.

scholarly journals Providing an additional electron sink by the introduction of cyanobacterial flavodiirons enhances the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana in varying light

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Tula ◽  
Fahimeh Shahinnia ◽  
Michael Melzer ◽  
Twan Rutten ◽  
Rodrigo Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Electron Sink

AbstractThe ability of plants to maintain photosynthesis in a dynamically changing environment is of central importance for their growth. As their photosynthetic machinery typically cannot adapt rapidly to fluctuations in the intensity of radiation, the level of photosynthetic efficiency is not always optimal. Cyanobacteria, algae, non-vascular plants (mosses and liverworts) and gymnosperms all produce flavodiirons (Flvs), a class of proteins not represented in the angiosperms; these proteins act to mitigate the photoinhibition of photosystem I. Here, genes specifying two cyanobacterial Flvs have been expressed in the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana in an attempt to improve the robustness of Photosystem I (PSI). The expression of Flv1 and Flv3 together shown to enhance the efficiency of the utilization of light and to boost the plant’s capacity to accumulate biomass. Based on an assessment of the chlorophyll fluorescence in the transgenic plants, the implication was that photosynthetic activity (including electron transport flow and non-photochemical quenching during a dark-to-light transition) was initiated earlier in the transgenic than in wild type plants. The improved photosynthetic performance of the transgenics was accompanied by an increased production of ATP, an acceleration of carbohydrate metabolism and a more pronounced partitioning of sucrose into starch. The indications are that Flvs are able to establish an efficient electron sink downstream of PSI, thereby ensuring that the photosynthetic electron transport chain remains in a more oxidized state. The expression of Flvs in a plant acts to both protect photosynthesis and to control the ATP/NADPH ratio; together, their presence is beneficial for the plant’s growth potential.

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