Analysis and optimisation of particle mixing performance in fluid phase resonance mixers based on Euler/Lagrange calculations

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Sommerfeld ◽  
Silvio Schmalfuß
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Mixing Performance ◽  
Particle Mixing ◽  
Phase Resonance

Discrete element analysis of the particle mixing performance in a ribbon mixer with a double U-shaped vessel

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Gao ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Zechu Liao ◽  
Shunhua Chen ◽  
Mengyan Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Element ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Mixing Performance ◽  
Particle Mixing

Experimental and DEM studies on the particle mixing performance in rotating drums: Effect of area ratio

2017 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangwu Xiao ◽  
Yuanqiang Tan ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Rong Deng ◽  
Shengqiang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Area Ratio ◽  
Mixing Performance ◽  
Particle Mixing ◽  
Rotating Drums

Effect of Electrode Configurations on the Performance of Electro-Hydrodynamic Micromixer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hak-Sun Kim ◽  
Hyun-Oh Kim ◽  
Youn-Jea Kim
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Mixing Performance ◽  
Zeta Potentials ◽  
Particle Mixing ◽  
Geometrical Effects

Micromixers are widely used in chemical engineering and bioengineering industries. In this study, geometrical effects of electrodes were investigated to mix fine particles affected by external electric field. In order to improve the particle mixing performance of micromixer, the electroosmosis effect could be utilized with configuration of electrodes at the top and bottom of microchannel. Numerical analysis was performed to derive the pattern of electrodes with superior mixing efficiency by changing voltages and zeta potentials applied to the micromixer channel, by using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2. The results of mixing performance were graphically depicted with various arrangements of electrode and flow conditions.

Numerical and experimental analysis of Fluid Phase Resonance mixers

2017 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Schmalfuß ◽  
Martin Sommerfeld
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Phase Resonance

Heterogeneity and Immunochemical Properties of Anti-β2-glycoprotein I Autoantibodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (09) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Regnault ◽  
E. Hachulla ◽  
L. Darnige ◽  
B. Roussel ◽  
J. C. Bensa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Dual Reactivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Epitope Specificity ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sufficient Concentration

SummaryMost anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are directed against epitopes expressed on β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). Despite a good correlation between standard ACA assays and those using purified human β2GPI as the sole antigen, some sera from APS patients only react in the latter. This is indicative of heterogeneity in anti-β2GPI antibodies. To characterize their reactivity profiles, human and bovine β2GPI were immobilized on γ-irradiated plates (β2GPI-ELISA), plain polystyrene precoated with increasing cardiolipin concentrations (CL/β2GPI-ELISA), and affinity columns. Fluid-phase inhibition experiments were also carried out with both proteins. Of 56 selected sera, restricted recognition of bovine or human β2GPI occurred respectively in 10/29 IgA-positive and 9/22 IgM-positive samples, and most of the latter (8/9) were missed by the standard ACA assay, as expected from a previous study. Based on species specificity and ACA results, IgG-positive samples (53/56) were categorized into three groups: antibodies reactive to bovine β2GPI only (group I) or to bovine and human β2GPI, group II being ACA-negative, and group III being ACA-positive. The most important group, group III (n = 33) was characterized by (i) binding when β2GPI was immobilized on γ-irradiated polystyrene or cardiolipin at sufficient concentration (regardless of β2GPI density, as assessed using 125I-β2GPI); (ii) and low avidity binding to fluid-phase β2GPI (Kd in the range 10–5 M). In contrast, all six group II samples showed (i) ability to bind human and bovine β2GPI immobilized on non-irradiated plates; (ii) concentration-dependent blockade of binding by cardiolipin, suggesting epitope location in the vicinity of the phospholipid binding site on native β2GPI; (iii) and relative avidities approximately 100-fold higher than in group III. Group I patients were heterogeneous with respect to CL/β2GPI-ELISA and ACA results (6/14 scored negative), possibly reflecting antibody differences in terms of avidity and epitope specificity. Affinity fractionation of 23 sera showed the existence, in individual patients, of various combinations of antibody subsets solely reactive to human or bovine β2GPI, together with cross-species reactive subsets present in all samples with dual reactivity namely groups III and II, although the latter antibodies were poorly purified on either column. Therefore, the mode of presentation of β2GPI greatly influences its recognition by anti-β2GPI antibodies with marked inter-individual heterogeneity, in relation to ACA quantitation and, possibly, disease presentation and pathogenesis.

The Intravascular Generation of Fibrinogen Derivatives and the Blood Vessel Wall in Venous Thrombosis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 0831-0849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Blood Vessel Wall ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Fibrin Formation ◽  
Rich Material

SummaryBoth deep venous thrombosis and DIC are intermediate mechanisms of disease – both are a consequence of the deposition of fibrin-rich material in blood vessels some distance from the primary site of tissue destruction. The great difference in the sites of fibrin deposition may depend on the extent and site of activation of the clotting mechanism. DIC likely occurs in the fluid phase of the blood as a consequence of massive fibrin formation while thrombosis results from limited fibrin formation at the interface between blood and vessel wall. Leukocytes may be essential for attaching thrombi to the vessel wall in many places.

Vampire Bat Salivary Plasminogen Activator Promotes Robust Lysis of Plasma Clots in a Plasma Milieu Without Causing Fluid Phase Plasminogen Activation

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (02) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R Hare ◽  
Stephen J Gardell
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Iodine 125 ◽  
Vampire Bat

SummaryVampire bat salivary plasminogen activator (BatPA), human tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) or streptokinase (SK) were incubated in human citrated plasma containing a plasma clot that was radiolabelled with iodine-125 fibrin(ogen). Complete clot dissolution by BatPA (30 nM) was associated with slight activation of “fluid phase” plasminogen; the plasma levels of functional fibrinogen and α2-antiplasmin decreased by only 8 and 19%, respectively. Addition of SK (3,600 IU/ml) to the clot-containing plasma caused complete clot lysis and massive activation of the “fluid phase” plasminogen, leading to >60 and 96% decreases of the functional levels of fibrinogen and α2-antiplasmin, respectively. Incubation of tPA (30 nM) in clot-containing plasma caused complete clot lysis as well as substantial activation of “fluid phase” plasminogen; the plasma levels of functional fibrinogen and α2-antiplasmin decreased by 45 and 79%, respectively. The profound degradation of fibrinogen in the SK and tPA but not BatPA-containing samples was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. Additional experiments showed that the presence of soluble clot lysate in plasma containing tPA enhanced the extent of fibrinogen degradation from 25% to >60%; the addition of soluble clot lysate to the plasma containing BatPA did not prompt further fibrinogen degradation. Finally, studies using exogenous α2-antiplasmin suggested that plasmin generated via tPA-mediated activation of “fluid phase” plasminogen does not play an important role in clot dissolution.

Quantitative Assessment of Soluble Fibrin in Plasma by Affinity Chromatography – A Comparative Study with desAA-Fibrin, desAABB-Fibrin and Fibrinogen

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Thiel ◽  
Ulrich Delvos ◽  
Gert Müller-Berghaus
Keyword(s):  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Immobilized Proteins ◽  
Sepharose 4B

SummaryA quantitative determination of soluble fibrin in plasma was carried out by affinity chromatography. For this purpose, desAA-fibrin and fibrinogen immobilized on Sepharose 4B were used at the stationary side whereas batroxobin-induced 125I-desAA-fibrin or thrombin-induced 125I-desAABB-fibrin mixed with plasma containing 131I-fibrinogen represented the fluid phase. The binding characteristics of these mixtures to the immobilized proteins were compared at 20° C and 37° C. Complete binding of both types of fibrin to the immobilized desAA-fibrin was always seen at 20° C as well as at 37° C. However, binding of soluble fibrin was accompanied by substantial binding of fibrinogen that was more pronounced at 20° C. Striking differences depending on the temperature at which the affinity chromatography was carried out, were documented for the fibrinogen-fibrin interaction. At 20° C more than 90% of the applied desAA-fibrin was bound to the immobilized fibrinogen whereas at 37° C only a mean of 17% were retained at the fibrinogen-Sepharose column. An opposite finding with regard to the tested temperature was made with the desAABB-fibrin. Nearly complete binding to insolubilized fibrinogen was found at 37° C (95%) but only 58% of the desAABB-fibrin were bound at 20° C. The binding patterns did not change when the experiments were performed in the presence of calcium ions. The opposite behaviour of the two types of soluble fibrin to immobilized fibrinogen at the different temperatures, together with the substantial binding of fibrinogen in the presence of soluble fibrin to insolubilized fibrin in every setting tested, devaluates affinity chromatography as a tool in the quantitative assessment of soluble fibrin in patients’ plasma.

Comparative study of sediment particle mixing in a Zostera noltei meadow and a bare sediment mudflat

2014 ◽  
Vol 514 ◽  
pp. 71-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bernard ◽  
ML Delgard ◽  
O Maire ◽  
A Ciutat ◽  
P Lecroart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sediment Particle ◽  
Bare Sediment ◽  
Zostera Noltei ◽  
Particle Mixing
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