Mixed
cationic lead perovskites containing formamidinium and methylammonium can be
stabilized by incorporating ZnI<sub>2 </sub>as an “internal desiccant”. Next to
prolonged stability under ambient conditions we show with XRD that the use of an
additive, 3-chloropropyl ammonium chloride, influences crystal formation by
orienting the crystals. These ~500 nm crystals show individual photoluminescent
behavior in thin films and have a longer photoluminescence lifetime at the
grain boundaries as compared to the center of the crystal or relative to
un-doped materials without the additive made under identical conditions.
Charges recombine slower at the edges of the crystals as observed with confocal
laser scanning microscopy
One-Step Electrochemical Deposition of Cu-In-Ga Mixed Oxide Thin Films
for Low-Cost CIGS Solar Cells