Short-term response of soil microorganisms, nutrients and plant recovery in fire-affected Araucaria araucana forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Fuentes-Ramirez ◽  
Marcia Barrientos ◽  
Leonardo Almonacid ◽  
Cesar Arriagada-Escamilla ◽  
Christian Salas-Eljatib
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plant Recovery ◽  
Araucaria Araucana ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Term Response

Short-term response of soil microorganisms to biochar addition in a temperate agroecosystem under soil warming

2016 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 308-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bamminger ◽  
Christian Poll ◽  
Christina Sixt ◽  
Petra Högy ◽  
Dominik Wüst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Response

Unfolding the case of returnees: How the European Union and its member States are addressing the return of foreign fighters and their families

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Carlota Rigotti ◽  
Júlia Zomignani Barboza
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Member States ◽  
Foreign Fighters ◽  
Term Response

Abstract The return of foreign fighters and their families to the European Union has mostly been considered a security threat by member States, which consequently adopt repressive measures aimed at providing an immediate, short-term response to this perceived threat. In addition to this strong-arm approach, reintegration strategies have also been used to prevent returnees from falling back into terrorism and to break down barriers of hostility between citizens in the long term. Amidst these different strategies, this paper seeks to identify which methods are most desirable for handling returnees.

Short-term response of CO2 emissions to various leaf litters: a case study from freshwater marshes of Northeast China

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Chao Gong ◽  
Changchun Song ◽  
Xinhou Zhang ◽  
Wenwen Tan ◽  
Tianhua Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Freshwater Marshes ◽  
Term Response

An oncology clinical trial design with randomization adaptive to both short- and long-term responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2015-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Xuelin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Trial Design ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Survival Outcome ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Term Response

In oncology clinical trials, both short-term response and long-term survival are important. We propose an urn-based adaptive randomization design to incorporate both of these two outcomes. While short-term response can update the randomization probability quickly to benefit the trial participants, long-term survival outcome can also change the randomization to favor the treatment arm with definitive therapeutic benefit. Using generalized Friedman’s urn, we derive an explicit formula for the limiting distribution of the number of subjects assigned to each arm. With prior or hypothetical knowledge on treatment effects, this formula can be used to guide the selection of parameters for the proposed design to achieve desirable patient number ratios between different treatment arms, and thus optimize the operating characteristics of the trial design. Simulation studies show that the proposed design successfully assign more patients to the treatment arms with either better short-term tumor response or long-term survival outcome or both.

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