Dynamics of bacterial communities in relation to soil aggregate formation during the decomposition of 13C-labelled rice straw

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blaud ◽  
T.Z. Lerch ◽  
T. Chevallier ◽  
N. Nunan ◽  
C. Chenu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Formation

Decomposition of 13C and 15N labelled plant residue materials in two different soil types and its impact on soil carbon, nitrogen, aggregate stability, and aggregate formation

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Blair ◽  
R. D. Faulkner ◽  
A. R. Till ◽  
P. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
The Impact

Increasing soil organic matter (SOM) is a major factor in overcoming soil degradation. An incubation experiment using 2 soil types (Red Clay and Black Earth) and 2 different rotations, a clover (Trifolium subterraneum)/cereal rotation and a long fallow/cereal rotation, from a long-term crop rotation trial located at Tamworth, NSW, Australia was conducted to investigate the decomposition of 3 different plant materials, medic (Medicago truncatula) (C : N = 13), rice straw (Oryza sativa) (C : N = 25) and flemingia leaf (Flemingia macrophylla) (C : N = 13), labelled with 13C and 15N. A control treatment with no added residue was also included. The impact of the residue decomposition on total organic carbon, labile carbon, total nitrogen, aggregate stability and the formation of large macro-aggregates from smaller macro-aggregates were studied. Total C (CT), stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C), total N (NT), and %15N excess were measured by catalytic combustion and an isotope ratio mass spectrophotometer, while labile C (CL) was determined by oxidation with KMnO4. Aggregate stability [mean weight diameter (MWD)] was determined by immersion wet sieving. Correlations of C fractions with MWD were also investigated. The location of the newly added plant residue materials within soil aggregates was studied using a soil aggregate eroding machine. Loss of C from the added plant residues was highest for the medic and lowest for the flemingia, while the rice straw initially lost C at a slower rate but by 200 days was equal to the medic. The medic treatment was the only residue to lose N by gaseous loss during the experiment and it was all lost during the first 10 days. In both soils, the addition of residues increased CT and CL compared with the control treatment, with flemingia showing the greatest increase. Factors other than their C : N ratio were clearly determining C turnover. Addition of medic residues resulted in a rapid increase in MWD in both soils in the first 10 days compared with that at the commencement of the experiment. However, this was not maintained for the 200 days by which time MWD had decreased, but it was still greater than the starting point. By contrast, the addition of flemingia leaf exhibited a slower but more sustained increase to have the highest MWD at 200 days, equal to that of the medic treatment at 10 days. There was a positive correlation of CL with MWD at 200 days for both soils. Results from the soil aggregate eroding machine showed that a higher percentage of CT was derived from added plant residues in the outer one-third of the soil aggregates than in the inner two-thirds, with the greatest difference being for the flemingia treatment. There was no difference between different residue materials in the amount of CT derived from the added residues in the inner parts of soil aggregates. These results showed that soil macro-aggregates were forming around a central old aggregate by binding of smaller aggregates to it, with products formed as a result of the breakdown of plant residues binding them together. From the results obtained, and those of other researchers, a concept of macro-aggregate formation under different agricultural systems is proposed.

Cropping diversity with rice influences soil aggregate formation and nutrient storage under different tillage systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. R. Jahangir ◽  
Muhammad Jahiruddin ◽  
Hasina Akter ◽  
Rahana Pervin ◽  
Khandakar Rafiq Islam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Nutrient Storage ◽  
Tillage Systems

scholarly journals Characterization of bacterioplankton communities and quantification of organic carbon pools off the Galapagos Archipelago under contrasting environmental conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataly Carolina Guevara Campoverde ◽  
Christiane Hassenrück ◽  
Pier Luigi Buttigieg ◽  
Astrid Gärdes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
Carbon Concentrations ◽  
Bacterioplankton Communities

Bacteria play a crucial role in the marine carbon cycle, contributing to the production and degradation of organic carbon. Here, we investigated organic carbon pools, aggregate formation, and bacterioplankton communities in three contrasting oceanographic settings in the Galapagos Archipelago. We studied a submarine CO2 vent at Roca Redonda (RoR), an upwelling site at Bolivar Channel (BoC) subjected to a weak El Niño event at the time of sampling in October 2014, as well as a site without volcanic or upwelling influence at Cowley Islet (CoI). We recorded physico-chemical parameters, and quantified particulate and dissolved organic carbon, transparent exopolymeric particles, and the potential of the water to form larger marine aggregates. Free-living and particle-attached bacterial communities were assessed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Both RoR and BoC exhibited temperatures elevated by 1–1.5 °C compared to CoI. RoR further experienced reduced pH between 6.8 and 7.4. We observed pronounced differences in organic carbon pools at each of the three sites, with highest dissolved organic carbon concentrations at BoC and RoR, and highest particulate organic carbon concentrations and aggregate formation at BoC. Bacterioplankton communities at BoC were dominated by opportunistic copiotrophic taxa, such as Alteromonas and Roseobacter, known to thrive in phytoplankton blooms, as opposed to oligotrophic taxa dominating at CoI, such as members of the SAR11 clade. Therefore, we propose that bacterial communities were mainly influenced by the availability of organic carbon at the investigated sites. Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of organic carbon pools and bacterioplankton communities, highlighting the high heterogeneity of various components of the marine carbon cycle around the Galapagos Archipelago.

Anthropogenic Nitrogen Deposition Increases Soil Carbon by Enhancing New Carbon of the Soil Aggregate Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiying Chang ◽  
Wenjun Zhou ◽  
Yunting Fang ◽  
Haijian Bing ◽  
Xiangyang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Anthropogenic Nitrogen ◽  
Anthropogenic Nitrogen Deposition

Biochar enhanced the nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial communities during the composting of poultry manure and rice straw

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 240-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Huzairi Zainudin ◽  
Nurul Asyifah Mustapha ◽  
Toshinari Maeda ◽  
Norhayati Ramli ◽  
Kenji Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Poultry Manure

Effect of vineyard pruning residue application on soil aggregate formation, aggregate stability and carbon content in different aggregate sizes

CATENA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 104219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Yılmaz ◽  
Murad Çanakcı ◽  
Mehmet Topakcı ◽  
Sahriye Sönmez ◽  
Bora Ağsaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Formation

scholarly journals Effects of reclamation years on composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities in Northwest China

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibo Cheng ◽  
Fenghua Zhang ◽  
William Jeffrey Gale ◽  
Weichao Wang ◽  
Wen Sang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Soil Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Bacterial

The objective of this study was to evaluate bacterial community structure and diversity in soil aggregate fractions when salinized farmland was reclaimed after >27 years of abandonment and then farmed again for 1, 5, 10, and 15 years. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was performed to characterize the soil bacterial communities in 5 aggregate size classes in each treatment. The results indicated that reclamation significantly increased macro-aggregation (>0.25 mm), as well as soil organic C, available N, and available P. The 10-year field had the largest proportion (93.9%) of soil in the macro-aggregate size classes (i.e., >0.25 mm) and the highest soil electrical conductivity. The 5 most dominant phyla in the soil samples were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The phylogenetic diversity, Chao1, and Shannon indices increased after the abandoned land was reclaimed for farming, reaching maximums in the 15-year field. Among aggregate size classes, the 1–0.25 mm aggregates generally had the highest phylogenetic diversity, Chao1, and Shannon indices. Soil organic C and soil electrical conductivity were the main environmental factors affecting the soil bacterial communities. The composition and structure of the bacterial communities also varied significantly depending on soil aggregate size and time since reclamation.

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