scholarly journals Mechanical properties and morphologic features of intrinsic foot muscles and plantar fascia in individuals with hallux valgus

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-286
Author(s):  
Serkan Taş ◽  
Alp Çetin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Intrinsic Foot Muscles

scholarly journals Morphological and mechanical properties of plantar fascia and intrinsic foot muscles in individuals with and without flat foot

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 230949901880248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Taş ◽  
Nezehat Özgül Ünlüer ◽  
Feza Korkusuz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Abductor Hallucis ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Intrinsic Foot Muscles ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Intrinsic Muscles

Purpose: Many musculoskeletal disorders are associated with over-pronated foot and decreased medial longitudinal arch (MLA) height. Foot intrinsic muscles and plantar fascia (PF) are the primary structures that support MLA. An important reason for the over-pronated foot and the reduction in the MLA height may be the morphological characteristics of the foot intrinsic muscles and PF as well as changes in their mechanical properties. The aim of the present study is to investigate the morphologic structure and mechanical properties of PF, flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), and abductor hallucis (AbH) muscles in individuals with flat foot and to compare the results with those of healthy individuals. Methods: The study included 80 participants, 40 with flat foot and 40 with normal foot posture. The foot posture of the participants was assessed using the Foot Posture Index. PF, FHB, FDB, and AbH thickness and stiffness were measured with an ultrasonography device using a linear ultrasonography probe. Results: Individuals with flat foot had higher AbH thickness compared to individuals with normal foot posture ( p < 0.001), whereas both groups were similar in terms of PF ( p = 0.188), FHB ( p = 0.627), and FDB ( p = 0.212) thickness. Stiffness values of the assessed tissues were similar in both groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: AbH thickness was higher in individuals with flat foot; however, PF, FHB, and FDB thickness were similar in both groups. In addition, our results suggest that foot posture is not related to the stiffness of the assessed tissues.

Foot core strengthening: relevance in injury prevention and rehabilitation for runners

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Tibialis Posterior ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Limb Injury ◽  
Plantar Fasciopathy ◽  
Intrinsic Foot Muscles

The human foot is a flexible structure characterized by a pronounced medial longitudinal arch (MLA) that compresses and recoils during running. That process is actively driven by the intrinsic foot muscles and requires a proper stability of the MLA. This introduces the concept of foot core stability. Because the intrinsic foot muscles are often neglected by clinicians and researchers, the purpose of this article is to provide some guidelines for incorporating foot core training in prevention or rehabilitation programmes for runners. The intrinsic foot muscles play a key role in postural control and maintain balance during single leg stance by controlling the height of the MLA and the foot pronation. During running, these muscles lengthen eccentrically during the absorption phase and subsequently shorten as the arch recoils during the propulsive phase, functioning in parallel to the plantar fascia. As a consequence, the dysfunction or weakness of the MLA active support may lead to injuries (e.g. plantar fasciopathy, Achilles or Tibialis posterior tendinopathy, metatarsalgia or medial tibial stress syndrome), due to numerous biomechanical cascades and mechanisms. In order to counteract or prevent these impairments, there are two ways for enhancing the foot core stability. Firstly in terms of volitional control of the intrinsic foot muscles, the “short foot exercise” must be practiced. Secondly strengthening sessions using neuromuscular electrical stimulation of these muscles seem to be a promising strategy in order to support the MLA and control the pronation during running. Practically, the foot core strengthening protocol may beneficiate not only the runners affected by excessive pronation related injuries but also those who sustained a long term lower limb injury and may be affected by a detraining process. In addition we warmly recommend integrating this protocol in any lower limb injury prevention programme or strength and conditioning plan for runners.

Pathomechanics of Hallux Valgus: Biomechanical and Immunohistochemical Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 732-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiichi Uchiyama ◽  
Harold B. Kitaoka ◽  
Zong-Ping Luo ◽  
Joseph P. Grande ◽  
Hideji Kura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Collagen I ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Collagen Iii

Background: One factor believed to contribute to the development of hallux valgus is an abnormality in collagen structure and makeup of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). We hypothesized that the mechanical properties of the MCL in feet with hallux valgus are significantly different from those in normal feet and that these differences may be related to alterations in the type or distribution of collagen fibers at the interface between the MCL and the bone. Materials and Methods: Seven normal fresh-frozen cadaver feet were compared to four cadaver feet that had hallux valgus deformities. The MCL mechanical properties, structure of collagen fibers, and content proportion of type I and type III collagen were determined. Results: The load-deformation and stress-strain curves were curvilinear with three regions: laxity, toe, and linear regions. Laxity of the MCL in feet with hallux valgus was significantly larger than that of normal feet ( p = 0.022). Stiffness and tensile modulus in the toe region in feet with hallux valgus were significantly smaller than those in normal feet ( p = 0.004); however, stiffness and tensile modulus in the linear region were not significantly different. The MCL collagen fibrils in the feet with hallux valgus had a more wavy distribution than the fibrils in the normal feet. Conclusions: In general, strong staining for collagen III and to a lesser extent, collagen I was observed at the interface between the MCL and bone in the feet with hallux valgus but not in the normal feet. These results indicate that the abnormal mechanical properties of the MCL in feet with hallux valgus may be related to differences in the organization of collagen I and collagen III fibrils.

The functional capacity and morphological characteristics of the intrinsic foot muscles in subjects with Hallux Valgus deformity: A systematic review

The Foot ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 101706
Author(s):  
Nasrin Moulodi ◽  
Fatemeh Azadinia ◽  
Ismail Ebrahimi-Takamjani ◽  
Rasha Atlasi ◽  
Maryam Jalali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Valgus Deformity ◽  
Hallux Valgus Deformity ◽  
Intrinsic Foot Muscles

scholarly journals Noninvasive in Vivo Study of the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Plantar Fascia Based on Ultrasound

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 53641-53649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunyang Wang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Jianan Wu ◽  
Zhihui Qian ◽  
Luquan Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties

Effect of Cutting the Plantar Fascia on Mechanical Properties of the Foot

1997 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Arangio ◽  
Chaorong Chen ◽  
Wangdo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plantar Fascia

scholarly journals Effect of Displacement Degree of Distal Chevron Osteotomy on Metatarsal Stress: A Finite Element Method

Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Qiaolin Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Jialu Huang ◽  
Ee Chon Teo ◽  
Yaodong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Intermetatarsal Angle ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Chevron Osteotomy ◽  
Valgus Angle

Background: The stress of foot bone can effectively evaluate the functional damage caused by foot deformity and the results of operation. In this study, the finite element method was used to investigate the degree of displacement of distal chevron osteotomy on metatarsal stress and metatarsophalangeal joint load; Methods: Four finite element models of displacement were established by using the CT images of a patient with moderate hallux valgus (hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle were 26.74° and 14.09°, respectively), and the validity of the model was verified. Each finite element model consisted of bones and various cartilage structures, ligaments, and plantar fascia, as well as encapsulated soft tissue. Except for soft tissue, the material properties of other parts were isotropic linear elastic material, and the encapsulated soft tissue was set as nonlinear hyperelastic material. The mesh was tetrahedral mesh. Link elements were used in ligament and plantar fascia. A ground reaction force with a half-body weight was applied at the bottom of the floor to simulate the ground reaction when standing. The upper surfaces of the encapsulated soft tissue, distal tibia, and distal fibula were fixed. The stress distribution of metatarsals and the stress of cartilage of the first metatarsophalangeal joint were compared and analyzed; Results: Compared with the hallux valgus without osteotomy, the stress of the first metatarsals and second metatarsals of 2–4 mm decreased, and the stress of the interarticular cartilage of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with 4 mm was reduced. In the case of 6 mm, the stress value between the first metatarsal and the first metatarsophalangeal joint increased, and 4 mm was the most suitable distance; Conclusions: Compared with the hallux valgus without osteotomy, the stress of the first metatarsals and second metatarsals of 2–4 mm decreased, and the stress of the interarticular cartilage of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with 4 mm was reduced. In the case of 6 mm, the stress value between the first metatarsal and the first metatarsophalangeal joint increased, and 4 mm was the most suitable distance. For the degree of displacement of the distal chevron osteotomy, the postoperative stability and the stress distribution of metatarsal bone should be considered. Factors such as hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, patient’s age, body weight, and metatarsal width should be considered comprehensively. The factors affecting osteotomy need to be further explored. The degree of displacement of osteotomy can be evaluated by FE method before the operation, and the most suitable distance can be obtained.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography features of the intrinsic foot muscles in patients with and without plantar fasciitis: A novel case-control research study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Canosa-Carro ◽  
Daniel López-López ◽  
Paula García-Bermejo ◽  
Emmanuel Navarro-Flores ◽  
Carmen de Labra-Pinedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Intrinsic Foot Muscles ◽  
Healthy Participants

IntroductionPlantar fasciitis (PF) is the most common cause of heel pain.(1) This condition was described as a degenerative syndrome associated with pain, lack of functionality and stiffness on the plantar fascia. The aim of the present study was to compare with ultrasound imaging (USI) the thickness and cross-sectional area of the intrinsic foot muscles between individuals with and without plantar fasciitis (PF).Material and methodsA total of 64 volunteers from 18 to 55 years were recruited for the present study. The sample was divided in two groups: A group, composed of participants diagnosed by PF (n = 32) and B group, composed by healthy participants (n = 32).ResultsUSI measurements for FBH CSA (p = 0.035) was decreasing showing statistically significant differences for the PF group, while the QP CSA (p = 0.40) was increasing reporting statistically significant differences for the PF group with respect the healthy group. The rest of the IFM did not show statistically significant differences, however in FHB, FDB, QP and AHB thicknesses and FDB CSA a slightly decrease for the PF group have been observed.ConclusionsUSI measurements showed that the CSA of the FHB muscle is reduced in patients with PF while the CSA of the QP muscle is increased in patients with PF.

Effects of Body Mass Index on Mechanical Properties of the Plantar Fascia and Heel Pad in Asymptomatic Participants

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Taş ◽  
Nilgün Bek ◽  
Mehmet Ruhi Onur ◽  
Feza Korkusuz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Heel Pad ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Level 3

Background: Musculoskeletal foot disorders have a high incidence among overweight and obese individuals. One of the important factors causing this high incidence may be plantar fascia and heel pad (HP)–related mechanical changes occurring in these individuals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the plantar fascia and HP stiffness and thickness parameters in overweight and obese individuals and compare these values with those of normal-weight individuals. Methods: This study was carried out in 87 (52 female, 35 male) healthy sedentary individuals between the ages of 19 and 58 years (34 ± 11 years). Participants were subsequently categorized according to body mass index (BMI) as normal weight (18.5 kg/m2 < BMI < 25 kg/m2) or overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). Plantar fascia and HP thickness and stiffness were measured with an ultrasonography device using a linear ultrasonography probe. Results: Overweight and obese individuals had higher HP thickness ( P < .001), plantar fascia thickness ( P = .001), heel pad microchamber layer (MIC) stiffness ( P < .001), and heel pad macrochamber layer (MAC) stiffness ( P < .001), whereas they had lower plantar fascia stiffness ( P < .001) compared with the individuals with normal weight. BMI had a moderate correlation with HP thickness ( P < .001, r = 0.500), plantar fascia thickness ( P = .001, r = 0.536), MIC stiffness ( P < .001, r = 0.496), and MAC stiffness ( P < .001, r = 0.425). A negative and moderate correlation was found between BMI and plantar fascia stiffness ( P < .001, r = –0.439). Conclusion: Increased BMI causes a decrease in the stiffness of plantar fascia and an increase in the thickness of the plantar fascia as well as the thickness and stiffness of HP. Increased body mass could cause changes in the mechanical properties of HP and plantar fascia. Level of Evidence: Level 3, comparative study.

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