The joint effect of weather and lighting conditions on injury severities of single-vehicle accidents

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 100124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigorios Fountas ◽  
Achille Fonzone ◽  
Niaz Gharavi ◽  
Tom Rye
Keyword(s):  
Joint Effect ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Injury Severities

Analysis of Single-Vehicle Crash Injury Severities in Urban River-Crossing Road Tunnels

2015 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Jiang ◽  
J.J. Lu ◽  
L.J. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Road Tunnels ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Injury Severities ◽  
One Year

Based on the originally unprocessed data from the Official Platform of“110”Alarming Receiving Center (OP110ARC) of Shanghai Public Security Bureau (SPSB), 529 single-vehicle crashes reported during one year and a half which happened at the thirteen urban road tunnels going across the Huangpu River are used in this study. To investigate the factors affecting the crash influence severity levels, ordered probit regression is established. Several categories of factors are considered as explanatory variables in the models. The study finds that the entrance of the tunnels is the site where severe injury crashes trend to occur. Rainy and snowy days impose vehicles and motorists driving via the tunnel sections in danger. Tunnels with a low speed limit (40 km/h in this study) may be not as safe as we thought before. Two-wheel vehicles without sufficient physical protection for its drivers and heavy vehicles also show a negative effect on the operation safety of single-vehicle at these studied tunnels. Alcohol involved drivers are more likely to suffer from a severe crashes and gets badly hurt.

Examining Driver Injury Severity in Single-Vehicle Road Departure Crashes Involving Large Trucks

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110101
Author(s):  
Mehdi Hosseinpour ◽  
Kirolos Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Concrete Barriers ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Safety Countermeasures ◽  
Injury Severities

Road departure (RD) crashes are among the most severe crashes that can result in fatal or serious injuries, especially when involving large trucks. Most previous studies neglected to incorporate both roadside and median hazards into large-truck RD crash severity analysis. The objective of this study was to identify the significant factors affecting driver injury severity in single-vehicle RD crashes involving large trucks. A random-parameters ordered probit (RPOP) model was developed using extensive crash data collected on roadways in the state of Kentucky between 2015 and 2019. The RPOP model results showed that the effect of local roadways, the natural logarithm of annual average daily traffic (AADT), the presence of median concrete barriers, cable barrier-involved collisions, and dry surfaces were found to be random across the crash observations. The results also showed that older drivers, ejected drivers, and drivers trapped in their truck were more likely to sustain severe single-vehicle RD crashes. Other variables increasing the probability of driver injury severity have included rural areas, dry road surfaces, higher speed limits, single-unit truck types, principal arterials, overturning-consequences, truck fire occurrence, segments with median concrete barriers, and roadside fixed object strikes. On the other hand, wearing seatbelt, local roads and minor collectors, higher AADT, and hitting median cable barriers were associated with lower injury severities. Potential safety countermeasures from the study findings include installing median cable barriers and flattening steep roadside embankments along those roadway stretches with high history of RD large-truck-related crashes.

Heterogeneous impacts of gender-interpreted contributing factors on driver injury severities in single-vehicle rollover crashes

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Guohui Zhang ◽  
Cong Chen ◽  
Rafiqul Tarefder ◽  
Haizhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Rollover ◽  
Injury Severities

Road accident severity analysis: a micro level approach

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Nassar ◽  
F. F. Saccomanno ◽  
J. H. Shortreed
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Binary Approach ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Disaggregate Model ◽  
Passenger Restraint ◽  
Seating Position ◽  
The Relationship

A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between road accident occurrence and severity of consequences permits the formulation of safety measures that are most cost-effective. A disaggregate model of road accident severity based on sequential logit models is presented. The sequential binary approach is able to account for the dependency between different levels of severity. Factors that affect the level of damage experienced by individuals involved in road accidents include the following: accident dynamics, seating position, vehicle condition, vehicle size, driver condition, and driver action. Separate models are calibrated for three accident situations: single-vehicle accidents, two-vehicle accidents, and multi-vehicle accidents. Ontario road accident police reports are used to calibrate and validate the models. The results of a simple application of the models to a safety protocol involving the effectiveness of passenger restraint devices are presented. Key words: road accident severity, personal injury, logit.

Probabilities of Injury to Car Occupants in Accidents with a Practical Example

1982 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
G Grime
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Sample Calculation ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Velocity Changes

Methods are described, by the application of which the probabilities of injury to car occupants in collisions of all types may be estimated from data on injury accidents alone, without having to make counts of accidents in which no injury had occurred. To do this, however, the velocity changes have to be known for all vehicles in the sample, so that separate probabilities of injury may be calculated for a number of successive small intervals of velocity change covering the range of velocity change in the accident sample. Proceeding in this way, sets of curves of probability of injury at various levels of injury versus velocity change may be drawn, both for overall injury, and for injury to different regions of the body. A sample calculation at one value of velocity change is given. The method is applicable to single vehicle accidents as well as to collisions, provided that there are at least two car occupants. It is anticipated that the method will be particularly valuable when applied to estimate the effectiveness of seat belts, since it will then be possible to examine how the protection given changes with severity of accident, thus pointing to where improvements are desirable. Difficulties which arise when certain analyses of injury accidents are made without introducing probability theory are discussed.

Influence of Road Geometric Design Consistency on Familiar and Unfamiliar Drivers’ Performances: Crash-Based Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (10) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Intini ◽  
Nicola Berloco ◽  
Pasquale Colonna ◽  
Sofie Ottersland Granås ◽  
Eirin Olaussen Ryeng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Dangerous Behavior ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Design Consistency

Drivers’ road familiarity is a safety-related factor. Familiar drivers may be prone to inattention and more dangerous behavior, whereas unfamiliar drivers may be affected by demanding and unexpected road environments. Previous research adequately described the role of familiarity in driving behavior and road safety performances. However, the relationships between drivers’ unfamiliarity and safety issues of road design elements are still largely unexplored and there is a lack of dedicated experimental studies. In this work, a database including run-off-road single-vehicle accidents at Norwegian rural two-lane road curves was investigated. Information about familiarity was derived from the distance from the residence of drivers involved in crashes. Road geometric variables were collected on the segment before the accident site, to provide indicators of design consistency of the previous road section. Thereafter, logistic regression was used to find relationships between predictor variables related to the geometric road design consistency and familiarity (the dependent variable). As a result of the analysis, familiarity was confirmed as a factor associated to possible dangerous behavior such as speeding in demanding road environments. However, crashes involving unfamiliar drivers are associated to unexpected curve parameters (radius and length) and the combination of horizontal and vertical curvature. Thus, as well as familiarity, drivers’ unfamiliarity may be considered as an accident factor. Moreover, some possibly useful consequences for road design are suggested for practitioners. They specifically concern provisions about radii of subsequent curves and coordination between radii of horizontal and vertical curves.

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