scholarly journals Pathogen-Derived Oligosaccharides Improve Innate Immune Response to Intracellular Parasite Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Osanya ◽  
Eun-Ho Song ◽  
Kyle Metz ◽  
Raeann M. Shimak ◽  
Paola Mercedes Boggiatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Intracellular Parasite

scholarly journals Hemocyte differentiation mediates the mosquito late-phase immune response against Plasmodium in Anopheles gambiae

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (26) ◽  
pp. E3412-E3420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Smith ◽  
Carolina Barillas-Mury ◽  
Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Wound Healing Response

Plasmodium parasites must complete development in the mosquito vector for transmission to occur. The mosquito innate immune response is remarkably efficient in limiting parasite numbers. Previous work has identified a LPS-induced TNFα transcription factor (LITAF)-like transcription factor, LITAF-like 3 (LL3), which significantly influences parasite numbers. Here, we demonstrate that LL3 does not influence invasion of the mosquito midgut epithelium or ookinete-to-oocyst differentiation but mediates a late-phase immune response that decreases oocyst survival. LL3 expression in the midgut and hemocytes is activated by ookinete midgut invasion and is independent of the mosquito microbiota, suggesting that LL3 may be a component of a wound-healing response. LL3 silencing abrogates the ability of mosquito hemocytes to differentiate and respond to parasite infection, implicating hemocytes as critical modulators of the late-phase immune response.

Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Stevenson ◽  
Deborah Hodgson ◽  
Megan J. Oaten ◽  
Luba Sominsky ◽  
Mehmet Mahmut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

IL-17C is a mediator of respiratory epithelial innate immune response

Pneumologie ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Pfeifer ◽  
M Voss ◽  
B Wonnenberg ◽  
M Bischoff ◽  
F Langer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial
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